This page provides image credits, source notes, licence information, and modification details for the historical images used in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors, a 2026 KBM Charts poster project.
The poster design, layout, text, diagrams, visual system, and original editorial work are © 2026 KBM Charts. All rights reserved. The historical images reproduced within the poster remain under their respective original licences, public-domain statuses, or open-access terms, as listed below.
Most image sources are drawn from Wikimedia Commons, museum open-access collections, public-domain archives, Creative Commons licensed files, and other source repositories that identify the relevant material as reusable. Each entry aims to provide the source title, creator or photographer where available, repository, source link, licence or rights status, and any modifications made for the poster.
Many images have been cropped, resized, colour-adjusted, background-extended, or otherwise prepared for integration into the poster layout. Where AI-assisted background extension has been used, it was applied to surrounding background areas for compositional purposes; the depicted historical object, coin, statue, or portrait was not intentionally altered.
Attribution entries follow a practical TASL-style format where available: title, author or photographer, source, licence, and modifications. Public-domain objects, CC0 files, Creative Commons licensed photographs, and museum open-access materials are distinguished as clearly as possible according to the information provided by their original repositories.
This credits page does not grant permission to reuse the poster as a whole. Reuse of individual source images should follow the licence or rights status of each original image source.
Late Republic (88-27 BC)
Sulla (138-78 BC)
Full name: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Office: Consul 82, 80 BC; Dictator 82-80 BC
Source title: Sulla Glyptothek Munich 309.jpg
Object Description: So-called “Sulla”, free copy (probably from the time of Augustus) after a portrait of an important Roman from the 2nd century BC. Because of many details this bust has in common with the so-called «Marius» (proportions, open mouth, large eyes), it has been suggested that both statues (brothers, adversaries?) were conceived and exhibited together.
Photographer / Uploader: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sulla_Glyptothek_Munich_309.jpg
Credit line: “Sulla Glyptothek Munich 309.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
Full name: Gaius Julius Caesar
Office: Consul 59, 48, 46, 45, 44 BC; Dictator 49-44 BC
Source title: Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg
Object Description: The Tusculum portrait, a contemporary Roman sculpture of Julius Caesar located in the Archaeological Museum of Turin, Italy
Photographer / Author: Ángel M. Felicísimo
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped; further cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retrato_de_Julio_César_(26724093101)_(cropped).jpg
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Credit line: “Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg” by Ángel M. Felicísimo, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped further and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
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Pompey (106-48 BC)
Full name: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Office: Consul 70, 55, 52 BC
Source title: (Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg
Object Description: Claudian period copy (Mid 1 st century AD) of a type created after 60 BC
Photographer / Author: Didier Descouens
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Venice)_Pompey_the_Great,_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg
_Pompey_the_Great,_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “(Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg” by Didier Descouens, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crassus (115-53 BC)
Full name: Marcus Licinius Crassus
Office: Consul 70, 55 BC
Source title: Roman bust in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Late Roman Republic bust in the Glyptothek, Copenhagen. Found in Licinier's Tomb. Conjectured to be Crassus, but uncertain.
Photographer / Author: Diagram Lajard
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_bust_in_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_(cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman bust in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (cropped).jpg” by Diagram Lajard, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Mark Antony (83-30 BC)
Full name: Marcus Antonius
Office: Consul 44, 34 BC
Source title: Marble bust of Mark Antony (Vatican Museums).jpg
Object Description: Roman male portrait bust of Marcus Antonius. Fine-grained yellowish marble. Flavian age (69—96 A.D.). Rome, Vatican Museums, Chiaramonti Museum. Height: 68 cm. Found near Tor Sapienza before Porta Maggiore in 1830 or 1831.
Photographer / Author: Bust: unknown ancient Roman artist of the 1st century AD; photo: unknown photographer.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_bust_of_Mark_Antony_(Vatican_Museums).jpg
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Credit line: “Marble bust of Mark Antony (Vatican Museums).jpg”, bust by an unknown ancient Roman artist of the 1st century AD, photo by unknown photographer, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Lepidus (c. 89-13/12 BC)
Full name: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Office: Consul 46, 42 BC
Source title: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Musei Vaticani) replica in Pushkin museum 01 by shakko.jpg
Object Description: Casting of a Roman portrait sculpture identified as Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, after an original in the Vatican Museums, displayed in the Pushkin Museum.
Photographer / Author: Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
_replica_in_Pushkin_museum_01_by_shakko.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Musei Vaticani) replica in Pushkin museum 01 by shakko.jpg”, photo by Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova), via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC-AD 68)
Augustus (63 BC-AD 14)
Full name: Imperator Caesar Augustus
Office: Consul 43, 33, 31-23, 5, 2 BC
Imperial Reign: 27 BC-AD 14
Source title: Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg
Object Description: So called “Augustus Bevilacqua”. Bust of the emperor with the Civic Crown, period of his reign.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg
Credit line: “Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Tiberius (42 BC-AD 37)
Full name: Tiberius Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 14-37
Source title: Tiberius NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Roman Emperor Tiberius in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
Photographer / Author: Cnyborg, assumed based on copyright claims.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiberius_NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Credit line: “Tiberius NyCarlsberg01.jpg”, photo by Cnyborg, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Caligula (AD 12-41)
Full name: Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 37-41
Source title: Portrait Head of Caligula - Getty Museum (72.AA.155).jpg
Object Description: Portrait head of Caligula, AD 37–41. Marble. Getty Villa, J. Paul Getty Museum, 72.AA.155.
Photographer / Author: J. Paul Getty Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Getty Open Content Program
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Getty Open Content image; no known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_Head_of_Caligula_-_Getty_Museum_(72.AA.155).jpg
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Credit line: “Portrait Head of Caligula - Getty Museum (72.AA.155).jpg”, image by the J. Paul Getty Museum / Getty Open Content Program, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Claudius (10 BC-AD 54)
Full name: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 41-54
Source title: Claudius NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Roman Emperor Claudius in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
Photographer / Author: Cnyborg, assumed based on copyright claims.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Claudius_NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Credit line: “Claudius NyCarlsberg01.jpg”, photo attributed to Cnyborg based on copyright claims, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Nero (AD 37-68)
Full name: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 54-68
Source title: Nero-black.png
Object Description: Bust of Emperor Nero at Musei Capitolini, Rome.
Photographer / Author: cjh1452000
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nero-black.png
Credit line: “Nero-black.png”, image by cjh1452000, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Year of the Four Emperors (AD 68-69)
Galba (3 BC-AD 69)
Full name: Servius Galba Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 68-69
Source title: Roman emperor Galba, Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities, Stockholm (20) (35867773310) edited.jpg
Object Description: Edited image of the bust of Roman emperor Galba at Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities in Stockholm.
Photographer / Author: Richard Mortel
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
_(35867773310)_edited.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman emperor Galba, Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities, Stockholm (20) (35867773310) edited.jpg” by Richard Mortel, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Otho (AD 32-69)
Full name: Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 69
Source title: Statue of the emperor Otho, Ma 1215 (30612822394).jpg
Object Description: Statue of the emperor Otho, Louvre Museum, Department of Roman Antiquities.
Photographer / Author: Fred Romero
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_the_emperor_Otho,_Ma_1215_(30612822394).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Statue of the emperor Otho, Ma 1215 (30612822394).jpg” by Fred Romero, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Vitellius (AD 15-69)
Full name: Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus
Reign: AD 69
Source title: Tunis Bardo Buste 8.jpg
Object Description: Ancient Roman bust of emperor Vitellius, in the Bardo National Museum (Tunis).
Photographer / Author: M.Rais
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tunis_Bardo_Buste_8.jpg
Credit line: “Tunis Bardo Buste 8.jpg”, photo by M.Rais, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Flavian Dynasty (AD 69-96)
Vespasian (AD 9-79)
Full name: Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Reign: AD 69-79
Source title: Neues Museum - Kolossalbildnis des römischen Kaisers Vespasian.jpg
Object Description: Colossal bust of Emperor Vespasian, 1st century AD. Marble, 74.5 cm high. Neues Museum, Berlin, Sk 348. Many parts are modern replacements.
Photographer / Author: Ophelia2
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neues_Museum_-_Kolossalbildnis_des_römischen_Kaisers_Vespasian.jpg
Credit line: “Neues Museum - Kolossalbildnis des römischen Kaisers Vespasian.jpg”, photo by Ophelia2, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Titus (AD 39-81)
Full name: Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Reign: AD 79-81
Source title: Titus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3159.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Titus, ca. AD 80. Marble. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3159.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg
Credit line: “Titus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3159.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Domitian (AD 51-96)
Full name: Caesar Domitianus Augustus
Reign: AD 81-96
Source title: Emperor Domitian, Roman, 1st century AD - Chapel Corridor, Chatsworth House - Derbyshire, England - DSC03028.jpg
Object Description: Roman portrait of Emperor Domitian, 1st century AD, displayed in Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England.
Photographer / Author: Daderot
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Credit line: “Emperor Domitian, Roman, 1st century AD - Chapel Corridor, Chatsworth House - Derbyshire, England - DSC03028.jpg” by Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96-192)
Nerva (AD 30-98)
Full name: Nerva Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 96-98
Source title: Nerva Tivoli Massimo.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Nerva, marble, ca. AD 96–98. Found at Tivoli; Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome, first floor, Room II.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nerva_Tivoli_Massimo.jpg
Credit line: “Nerva Tivoli Massimo.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Trajan (AD 53-117)
Full name: Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus
Reign: AD 98-117
Source title: Traianus Glyptothek Munich 72.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Trajan, with the Civic Crown, a sword belt and the aegis, attribute of Jupiter and symbol of divine power. Glyptothek, Munich, Inv. 72.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_72.jpg
Credit line: “Traianus Glyptothek Munich 72.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Hadrian (AD 76-138)
Full name: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus
Reign: AD 117-138
Source title: Emperor Hadrian Louvre Ma3131.jpg
Object Description: Emperor Hadrian in armour, wearing the gorgoneion. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. AD 127–128. From Heraklion, Crete. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 3131 / MNC 2392.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg
Credit line: “Emperor Hadrian Louvre Ma3131.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Antoninus Pius (AD 86-161)
Full name: Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius
Reign: AD 138-161
Source title: Antoninus Pius bust S2436 ancient agora museum Athens.jpg
Object Description: Ancient Roman bust of Emperor Antoninus Pius, AD 138–161. Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens, inv. S 2436.
Photographer / Author: Jebulon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninus_Pius_bust_S2436_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninus Pius bust S2436 ancient agora museum Athens.jpg”, image by Jebulon, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 161-180
Source title: Marcus Aurelius Glyptothek Munich.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Marcus Aurelius, reign AD 161–180. Glyptothek, Munich, Room 11.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcus_Aurelius_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg
Credit line: “Marcus Aurelius Glyptothek Munich.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Lucius Verus (AD 130-169)
Full name: Lucius Aurelius Verus
Reign: AD 161-169
Source title: Lucius Verus - MET - L.2007.26cropped.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait of the co-emperor Lucius Verus, Roman Antonine period, ca. AD 161–169. Lent by the Musée du Louvre, Département des antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, Ma 1101; displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, L.2007.26.
Photographer / Author: PierreSelim
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucius_Verus_-_MET_-_L.2007.26_cropped.jpg
Credit line: “Lucius Verus - MET - L.2007.26 cropped.jpg”, image by PierreSelim, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Commodus (AD 161-192)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus
Reign: AD 180-192
Source title: Bust Commodus Glyptothek Munich.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Commodus, reign AD 180–192. Glyptothek, Munich, Room 11.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_Commodus_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg
Credit line: “Bust Commodus Glyptothek Munich.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Year of the Five Emperors (AD 193)
Pertinax (AD 126-193)
Full name: Publius Helvius Pertinax
Reign: AD 193
Source title: Bust of Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Publius Helvius Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery. Inv. 1914 n. 202; Mansuelli: II.132.
Photographer / Author: L. Dyck
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source listed as The Uffizi Gallery / Uffizi Digitalization Project
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Pertinax_at_the_Uffizi_Gallery.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery.jpg”, photo by L. Dyck, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Didius Julianus (AD 133-193)
Full name: Marcus Didius Severus Julianus
Reign: AD 193
Source title: Buste de Didius Iulianus5.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Didius Julianus. Marble, late 2nd to early 3rd century AD. From Otricoli, Italy. Musei Capitolini, Palazzo Nuovo, Sala degli Imperatori, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Wilfredor
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buste_de_Didius_Iulianus5.jpg
Credit line: “Buste de Didius Iulianus5.jpg”, image by Wilfredor, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Pescennius Niger (AD c. 135-194)
Full name: Gaius Pescennius Niger
Claim: AD 193-194
Source title: Aureus Pescennius Niger (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Pescennius Niger, AD 193–194, Antioch mint. Obverse with laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from dirtyoldcoins.com
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Pescennius_Niger_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Pescennius Niger (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / dirtyoldcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Clodius Albinus (AD c. 150-197)
Full name: Decimus Clodius Albinus
Claim: AD 193, 197
Source title: Lyon 5e - Musée Lugdunum - EnQuête de pouvoir - Buste d'Albinus.jpeg
Object Description: Cuirassed bust with gorgoneion. Marble, late 2nd to early 3rd century AD. From Anzio, formerly in the Albani Collection; Musei Capitolini, Palazzo Nuovo, Sala degli Imperatori, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Romainbehar
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyon_5e_-_Musée_Lugdunum_-_EnQuête_de_pouvoir_-_Buste_d'Albinus.jpeg
Credit line: “Lyon 5e - Musée Lugdunum - EnQuête de pouvoir - Buste d'Albinus.jpeg”, image by Romainbehar, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severan Dynasty (AD 193-235)
Septimius Severus (AD 145-211)
Full name: Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax
Reign: AD 193-211
Source title: Septimius Severus Glyptothek Munich 357.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Septimius Severus, reign AD 193–211. White, fine-grained marble with modern restorations to the nose, parts of the beard, and draped bust. Glyptothek, Munich, Inv. 357.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg
Credit line: “Septimius Severus Glyptothek Munich 357.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Caracalla (AD 188-217)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 198-217
Source title: Marble portrait of the emperor Caracalla MET DP123898.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait head of the emperor Caracalla, Roman, AD 212–217. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession no. 40.11.1a.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access project
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_portrait_of_the_emperor_Caracalla_MET_DP123898.jpg
Credit line: “Marble portrait of the emperor Caracalla MET DP123898.jpg”, image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Geta (AD 189-211)
Full name: Publius Septimius Geta
Reign: AD 209-211
Source title: Publius Septimius Geta Louvre Ma1076.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Publius Septimius Geta. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. AD 208. From Gabies. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 1076 / MR 512.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Publius_Septimius_Geta_Louvre_Ma1076.jpg
Credit line: “Publius Septimius Geta Louvre Ma1076.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Macrinus (AD 165-218)
Full name: Marcus Opellius Servius Macrinus
Reign: AD 217-218
Source title: Aureus Macrinus-RIC 0079.jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Macrinus, struck AD 217 or 218. Obverse: laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Macrinus right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from CNG Coins, through WildWinds
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Only the left-side obverse image was extracted from the original two-sided source file; the background was removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Macrinus-RIC_0079.jpg
Credit line: “Aureus Macrinus-RIC 0079.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins / WildWinds, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Only the left-side obverse image was extracted from the original two-sided source file; the background was removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Diadumenian (AD 208-218)
Full name: Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus
Reign: AD 218
Source title: Macrino, aureo per diadoumeniano cesare, 217-18, 01.JPG
Object Description: Gold aureus related to Diadumenian as Caesar, AD 217–218.
Photographer / Author: Sailko
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Macrino,_aureo_per_diadoumeniano_cesare,_217-18,_01.JPG?uselang=en#Licensing
Credit line: “Macrino, aureo per diadoumeniano cesare, 217-18, 01.JPG” by Sailko, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Elagabalus (AD c. 204-222)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 218-222
Source title: Elagabulus, ca. 218-22, National Gallery, Oslo (36420568016).jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Elagabalus, 2nd type. White marble bust, dated AD 218–222. National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo, accession no. NG.S.01434.
Photographer / Author: Richard Mortel
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elagabulus,_ca._218-22,_National_Gallery,_Oslo_(36420568016).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Elagabulus, ca. 218-22, National Gallery, Oslo (36420568016).jpg” by Richard Mortel, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severus Alexander (AD 208-235)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander
Reign: AD 222-235
Source title: Alexander Severus Musei Capitolini MC471.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Alexander Severus. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 222–235. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 471.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Severus_Musei_Capitolini_MC471.jpg
Credit line: “Alexander Severus Musei Capitolini MC471.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235-285)
Maximinus Thrax (AD c. 173-238)
Full name: Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus
Reign: AD 235-238
Source title: Maximinus Thrax Musei Capitolini MC473.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Maximinus Thrax. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 235–238. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 473.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maximinus_Thrax_Musei_Capitolini_MC473.jpg
Credit line: “Maximinus Thrax Musei Capitolini MC473.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian I (AD c. 158-238)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Gordian I Musei Capitolini MC475.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Gordian I. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 220–230. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 475. Albani Collection.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gordian_I_Musei_Capitolini_MC475.jpg
Credit line: “Gordian I Musei Capitolini MC475.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian II (AD c. 192-238)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Denarius of Gordian II.png
Object Description: Denarius of Gordian II. Obverse legend: IMP M ANT GORDIANVS AFR AVG.
Photographer / Author: CGB
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from CGB
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Resized for poster layout. Source file already has a transparent background.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denarius_of_Gordian_II.png
Credit line: “Denarius of Gordian II.png”, image by CGB, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Pupienus (AD c. 164-238)
Full name: Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Pupienus Musei Capitolini MC477.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Pupienus. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 238. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 477.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pupienus_Musei_Capitolini_MC477.jpg
Credit line: “Pupienus Musei Capitolini MC477.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Balbinus (AD c. 178-238)
Full name: Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Balbinus Hermitage.jpg
Object Description: Portrait / bust of Balbinus, second quarter of the 3rd century AD. Marble, A 250. State Hermitage Museum, Jupiter Hall, Saint Petersburg.
Photographer / Author: George Shuklin
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5. The file is available under multiple licences; CC BY 2.5 selected for this use.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balbinus_Hermitage.jpg
Credit line: “Balbinus Hermitage.jpg” by George Shuklin, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian III (AD 225-244)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus
Reign: AD 238-244
Source title: Bust Gordianus III Louvre Ma1063.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Gordian III. Marble. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 1063.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5. The file is available under multiple licences; CC BY 2.5 selected for this use.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_Gordianus_III_Louvre_Ma1063.jpg
Credit line: “Bust Gordianus III Louvre Ma1063.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Philip I (AD c. 204-249)
Full name: Marcus Julius Philippus
Reign: AD 244-249
Source title: Neues Museum - Bildnis des römischen Kaisers Philippus Arabs.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of the Roman emperor Philip the Arab. Neues Museum, Berlin.
Photographer / Author: Ophelia2
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neues_Museum_-_Bildnis_des_römischen_Kaisers_Philippus_Arabs.jpg
Credit line: “Neues Museum - Bildnis des römischen Kaisers Philippus Arabs.jpg”, photo by Ophelia2, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Philip II (AD 237-249)
Full name: Marcus Julius Severus Philippus
Reign: AD 247-249
Source title: (Venice) Bust of emperor Philip II, in Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg
Object Description: Bust of emperor Philip II. Marble, 3rd century AD. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Venice, Inv. No. 177.
Photographer / Author: Didier Descouens
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Venice)_Bust_of_emperor_Philip_II,_in_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg
_Bust_of_emperor_Philip_II,_in_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “(Venice) Bust of emperor Philip II, in Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg” by Didier Descouens, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Decius (AD c. 201-251)
Full name: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius
Reign: AD 249-251
Source title: Trajan Dèce.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Trajan Decius. Capitoline Museums, Rome, MC 482.
Photographer / Author: Louis de Lauban
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trajan_Dèce.jpg
Credit line: “Trajan Dèce.jpg”, image by Louis de Lauban, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Herennius Etruscus (AD ?-251)
Full name: Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius
Reign: AD 251
Source title: Herennius Etruscus antoninianus.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Herennius Etruscus.
Photographer / Author: Velatrix
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herennius_Etruscus_antoninianus.jpg
Credit line: “Herennius Etruscus antoninianus.jpg”, image by Velatrix, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Hostilian (AD ?-251)
Full name: Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus
Reign: AD 251
Source title: Antoninien d'Hostilien, 250, NT31711.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Hostilian, AD 250.
Photographer / Author: Anonymous
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninien_d'Hostilien,_250,_NT31711.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninien d'Hostilien, 250, NT31711.jpg”, image by Anonymous, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Trebonianus Gallus (AD c. 206-253)
Full name: Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus
Reign: AD 251-253
Source title: Bronze statue of the emperor Trebonianus Gallus (detail).jpg
Object Description: Detail of a bronze statue of Emperor Trebonianus Gallus, AD 251–253. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession no. 05.30.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access project
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_statue_of_the_emperor_Trebonianus_Gallus_(detail).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Bronze statue of the emperor Trebonianus Gallus (detail).jpg”, image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Volusianus (AD ?-253)
Full name: Gaius Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumnianus Volusianus
Reign: AD 251-253
Source title: Volusianus antoninianus.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Volusianus.
Photographer / Author: Velatrix
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volusianus_antoninianus.jpg
Credit line: “Volusianus antoninianus.jpg”, image by Velatrix, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Aemilianus (AD c. 207-253)
Full name: Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus
Reign: AD 253
Source title: Aemilian.jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Aemilian.
Photographer / Author: Rasiel Suarez
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aemilian.jpg
Credit line: “Aemilian.jpg”, image by Rasiel Suarez, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valerian (AD c. 199-260/4)
Full name: Publius Licinius Valerianus
Reign: AD 253-260
Source title: Valerianus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3387.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Valerian. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3387.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valerianus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3387.jpg
Credit line: “Valerianus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3387.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gallienus (AD c. 218-268)
Full name: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus
Reign: AD 253-268
Source title: Gallienus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3388.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Gallienus. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3388.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallienus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3388.jpg
Credit line: “Gallienus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3388.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Saloninus (AD ?-260)
Full name: Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus
Reign: AD 260
Source title: Aureus Saloninus Caesar (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Saloninus as Caesar. Obverse portrait of Saloninus.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from dirtyoldcoins.com
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Saloninus_Caesar_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Saloninus Caesar (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Claudius Gothicus (AD 214-270)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Claudius
Reign: AD 268-270
Source title: ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Claudius Gothicus.
Photographer / Author: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg
Credit line: “ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg”, image by Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Quintillus (AD ?-270)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus
Reign: AD 270
Source title: QuintillusCalico3968 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Quintillus. Obverse image.
Photographer / Author: Gemini
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:QuintillusCalico3968_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “QuintillusCalico3968 (obverse).jpg”, image by Gemini, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Aurelian (AD c. 214-275)
Full name: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Reign: AD 270-275
Source title: 5305 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Ritratto di Claudio II il Gotico - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011.jpg
Object Description: Bronze bust of either Claudius II “Gothicus” or Aurelian. One of two twin gilded bronze busts from Brescia, now exhibited at the Santa Giulia Museum, Brescia, Italy.
Photographer / Author: Giovanni Dall’Orto
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Attribution-only licence. Copyright retained by Giovanni Dall’Orto; commercial use, redistribution, and derivative works are permitted with proper attribution.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Credit line: “5305 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Ritratto di Claudio II il Gotico - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011.jpg”, photo by Giovanni Dall’Orto, via Wikimedia Commons. Used under an attribution-only licence; commercial use and derivative works permitted with proper attribution. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Tacitus (AD ?-276)
Full name: Marcus Claudius Tacitus
Reign: AD 275-276
Source title: Roman Marble Bust of Emperor Tacitus, 275-276 AD (28026024160).jpg
Object Description: Roman marble bust of Emperor Tacitus, AD 275–276. Louvre Museum, Paris.
Photographer / Author: Gary Todd
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Marble_Bust_of_Emperor_Tacitus,_275-276_AD_(28026024160).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman Marble Bust of Emperor Tacitus, 275-276 AD (28026024160).jpg”, image by Gary Todd, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Florianus (AD ?-276)
Full name: Marcus Annius Florianus
Reign: AD 276
Source title: Aureus of Florianus (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Florianus, AD 276. Obverse: bust of Florianus, laureate, cuirassed, facing left, holding sceptre and shield. Lettering: VIRTVS FLORIANI AVG.
Photographer / Author: Numista.com
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from Numista
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_of_Florianus_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus of Florianus (obverse).jpg”, image by Numista.com, via Wikimedia Commons / Numista. Public domain. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Probus (AD ?-282)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Probus
Reign: AD 276-282
Source title: Probus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548700.jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Probus, struck at Siscia, AD 277. Obverse: IMP C M AVR P-ROBVS AVG; draped and cuirassed bust of Probus wearing a laurel wreath, seen from behind, facing right.
Photographer / Author: Reinhard Saczewski
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; white background removed; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Probus_-_Münzkabinett,_Berlin_-_5548700.jpg
Credit line: “Probus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548700.jpg”, photo by Reinhard Saczewski, via Wikimedia Commons / Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; white background removed and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Carus (AD c. 222-283)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Carus
Reign: AD 282-283
Source title: Aureus Carus Ticinum (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Carus, struck at Ticinum, AD 282-283. Obverse: IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Carus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from acsearch.info
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Carus_Ticinum_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Carus Ticinum (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Carinus (AD ?-285)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Carinus
Reign: AD 283-285
Source title: Monnaie - Médaillon, Carin et Numérien, Siscia - btv1b113445041 (1 of 2).jpg
Object Description: Medallion of Carinus and Numerian, struck at Siscia, AD 284. Obverse image from the Bibliothèque nationale de France collection.
Photographer / Author: Bibliothèque nationale de France
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — public domain in the United States and France.
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monnaie_-_Médaillon,_Carin_et_Numérien,_Siscia_-_btv1b113445041_(1_of_2).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Monnaie - Médaillon, Carin et Numérien, Siscia - btv1b113445041 (1 of 2).jpg”, image from Gallica / Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Monnaies, médailles et antiques, IMP-9883, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States and France. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Numerian (AD ?-284)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Numerianus
Reign: AD 283-284
Source title: Aureus of Numerian (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Numerian, struck at Siscia, AD 284. Obverse: IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG; laureate and cuirassed bust of Numerian facing right, seen from the front, with clasp and fold of cloak on right shoulder.
Photographer / Author: Heritage Auctions
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_of_Numerian_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus of Numerian (obverse).jpg” by Heritage Auctions, via Wikimedia Commons / Heritage Auctions. Public domain; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gallic Empire (AD 260-274)
Postumus (AD ?-269)
Full name: Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus
Reign: AD 260-269
Source title: Golden coin of Postumus.png
Object Description: Aureus of Postumus, AD 260-269. Obverse: POSTVMVS AVG; bust of Postumus facing right.
Photographer / Author: NumisCorner
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_coin_of_Postumus.png
Credit line: “Golden coin of Postumus.png” by NumisCorner, via Wikimedia Commons / NumisCorner. Public domain; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Marius (AD ?-269)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Marius
Reign: AD 269
Source title: Marius4.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Marcus Aurelius Marius. Obverse image showing the bust of Marius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Rasiel Suarez
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marius4.jpg
Credit line: “Marius4.jpg” by Rasiel Suarez, via Wikimedia Commons / Rasiel’s Roman Imperial Type Set, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Victorinus (AD ?-271)
Full name: Marcus Piavonius Victorinus
Reign: AD 269-271
Source title: Aureus Victorinus RIC 0094 (obverse).png
Object Description: Aureus of Victorinus. Obverse image showing the bust of Victorinus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Omicroñ'R
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Victorinus_RIC_0094_(obverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Victorinus RIC 0094 (obverse).png” by Omicroñ'R, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Tetricus I (AD ?-?)
Full name: Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus
Reign: AD 271-274
Source title: INC-2045-a Ауреус. Тетрик I Старший. Ок. 271—274 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Aureus of Tetricus I, c. AD 271-274. Obverse: IMP TETRICVS PF AVG; bust of Tetricus facing right, wearing a laurel wreath.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-2045-a_Ауреус._Тетрик_I_Старший._Ок._271—274_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-2045-a Ауреус. Тетрик I Старший. Ок. 271—274 гг. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Palmyrene Empire (AD 270-272)
Odaenathus (AD c. 220-267)
Full name: Septimius Odaenathus (𐡠𐡣𐡩𐡮𐡶)
Reign: Lord of Palmyra: AD 240s-260 King of Palmyra: AD 260-267 King of Kings of the East: AD 263-267
Source title: Odenaethus Glyptoteket.jpg
Object Description: Limestone portrait of a leading Palmyrene, c. AD 230-250, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. The portrait is identified as Odaenathus according to Harald Ingholt.
Photographer / Author: Carole Raddato
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally posted on Flickr
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic. The ancient portrait object is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odenaethus_Glyptoteket.jpg
Credit line: “Odenaethus Glyptoteket.jpg” by Carole Raddato, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic. Ancient portrait object in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen; public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Zenobia (AD c. 240-c. 274)
Full name: Septimia Zenobia
Reign: Regent Queen of Palmyra: AD 267-272 Queen of Egypt: AD 270-272 Empress: AD 272
Source title: Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png
Object Description: Antoninianus of Zenobia, struck at Antioch, March-May AD 272. Obverse: S ZЄNOBIA AVG; draped bust of Zenobia facing right, wearing stephane, set on crescent.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninianus_of_Zenobia_(obverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Vaballathus (AD c. 259-c. 274)
Full name: Septimius Vaballathus
Reign: King of Kings of the East: AD 267-272 Emperor: AD 272
Source title: Aurelian-with-vabalathus (reverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold coin of Aurelian and Vaballathus, struck at Antioch, November AD 270-March AD 272. Reverse-side extracted image showing the bust of Vaballathus facing right. Legend: VABALATHVS V C R IM D R.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aurelian-with-vabalathus_(reverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aurelian-with-vabalathus (reverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / sixbid.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Carausian Britain (AD 286-296)
Carausius (AD ?-293)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius
Reign: AD 286-293
Source title: Antoninianus Carausius leg4-RIC 0069v.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Carausius, struck at Londinium, c. AD 288-290. Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG; radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Carausius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninianus_Carausius_leg4-RIC_0069v.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninianus Carausius leg4-RIC 0069v.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Allectus (AD ?-296)
Full name: Allectus
Reign: AD 293-296
Source title: Quinarius Allectus galley-RIC 0128.2.jpg
Object Description: Quinarius of Allectus, struck at Camulodunum. Obverse: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG; radiate, cuirassed bust of Allectus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quinarius_Allectus_galley-RIC_0128.2.jpg
Credit line: “Quinarius Allectus galley-RIC 0128.2.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com / Wildwinds, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Diocletian & The Tetrarchy (AD 284-324)
Diocletian (AD c. 242-312)
Full name: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
Reign: Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 284-286 Eastern Emperor: AD 286-305
Source title: Head of Diocletian, Getty Museum.jpg
Object Description: Fragment of a togate statue of Diocletian; unknown artist; about AD 295-300; Asia Minor marble, fine white; Getty Museum, accession no. 78.AA.8.
Photographer / Author: Getty Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_of_Diocletian,_Getty_Museum.jpg
Credit line: “Head of Diocletian, Getty Museum.jpg” by Getty Museum, via Wikimedia Commons / Getty Museum, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Maximian (AD c. 250-c. 310)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 286-305, 306-308, 310
Source title: Musée Saint-Raymond - 2017-09-02 - Inv. Ra 34b - 4654.jpg
Object Description: Colossal head of Emperor Maximian (Tête quasi colossale de Maximien Hercule), after AD 293. Marble. Musée Saint-Raymond, Toulouse, accession no. Inv. Ra 34b.
Photographer / Author: Pierre-Selim
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musée_Saint-Raymond_-_2017-09-02_-_Inv._Ra_34b_-_4654.jpg
Credit line: “Musée Saint-Raymond - 2017-09-02 - Inv. Ra 34b - 4654.jpg” by Pierre-Selim, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Galerius (AD c. 258-311)
Full name: Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 293-305 Eastern Emperor: AD 305-311
Source title: Portrait of Galerius, Thessaloniki.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Galerius from the so-called “Little Arch of Galerius”, found in 1957 at 5 Isavron Street, just south of the large vestibule of the Octagon. Galerius is depicted beardless and wearing formal military attire.
Photographer / Author: Jona Lendering
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Galerius,_Thessaloniki.jpg
Credit line: “Portrait of Galerius, Thessaloniki.jpg” by Jona Lendering, via Wikimedia Commons / Livius.org, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constantius I (AD c. 250-306)
Full name: Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 293-305 Western Emperor: AD 305-306
Source title: Constantius Chlorus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN836.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Constantius Chlorus, emperor in AD 305-306. Marble, circa 300. Shaped for insertion into a statue. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, accession no. IN 836.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_Chlorus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN836.jpg
Credit line: “Constantius Chlorus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN836.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severus (AD ?-307)
Full name: Flavius Valerius Severus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 305-306 Western Emperor: AD 306-307
Source title: Gold Aureus of Severus II (MANTIS).jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Severus II, struck at Trier, AD 305-307. Obverse image showing the bust of Severus II facing right.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Aureus_of_Severus_II_(MANTIS).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Gold Aureus of Severus II (MANTIS).jpg” by American Numismatic Society, via Wikimedia Commons / MANTIS, released under CC0 1.0. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Licinius (AD c. 265-325)
Full name: Valerius Licinianus Licinius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 308-312 Eastern Emperor: AD 312-324
Source title: Bust of Licinius, Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg
Object Description: Colossal insert head identified as Emperor Licinius I, found in Ephesos. Marble, AD 300-325. The portrait was presumably originally inserted into a cuirassed statue around five metres tall. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Antikensammlung, accession no. I 932.
Photographer / Author: Kunsthistorisches Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Licinius,_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Licinius, Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg”, image from Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Maximinus Daza (AD c. 270-c. 313)
Full name: Galerius Valerius Maximinus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 305-310 Eastern Emperor: AD 310-313
Source title: MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Maximinus Daia.
Photographer / Author: Portable Antiquities Scheme / The Trustees of the British Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg
Credit line: “MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg” by Portable Antiquities Scheme / The Trustees of the British Museum, via Wikimedia Commons / finds.org.uk, licensed under CC BY 3.0 Unported. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valerius Valens (AD ?-317)
Full name: Aurelius Valerius Valens
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 316-317
Source title: Valerius Valens coin (transparent background).png
Object Description: Æ follis of Aurelius Valerius Valens, co-emperor of Licinius, AD 316-317. Alexandria mint, 1st officina. Obverse: IMP C AVR VAL VALENS P F AVG; laureate head of Valerius Valens facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valerius_Valens_coin_(transparent_background).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Valerius Valens coin (transparent background).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licinius II (AD c. 315-c. 326)
Full name: Valerius Licinius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 317-324
Source title: Licínio II.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Licinius II. Obverse image showing the bust of Licinius II facing right.
Photographer / Author: tony Hilar, Michal Tompson, Elaine Prets
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Licínio_II.jpg
Credit line: “Licínio II.jpg” by tony Hilar, Michal Tompson, and Elaine Prets, via Wikimedia Commons / fotostudioequipe.com.br, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Martinian (AD ?-325)
Full name: Martinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 324
Source title: Martinian coin (transparent background).png
Object Description: Follis of Martinian, struck at Cyzicus in AD 324, 2nd officina. Obverse image showing the bust of Martinian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Martinian_coin_(transparent_background).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Martinian coin (transparent background).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantinian Dynasty (AD 306-363)
Constantine I (AD 272-337)
Full name: Flavius Valerius Constantinus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 306-309 Western Emperor: AD 309-324 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 324-337
Source title: Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I MET DP138715.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I. Roman; portrait head; stone sculpture; ca. AD 325-370. Marble. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession no. 26.229.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_portrait_head_of_the_Emperor_Constantine_I_MET_DP138715.jpg
Credit line: “Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I MET DP138715.jpg” by Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons / Metropolitan Museum of Art, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crispus (AD c. 300-326)
Full name: Flavius Julius Crispus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 317-326
Source title: INC-1822-a Солид Крисп цезарь ок. 317 г. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Crispus as Caesar, struck at Trier, c. AD 317. Obverse image showing the bust of Crispus facing right, wearing a laurel wreath.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-1822-a_Солид_Крисп_цезарь_ок._317_г._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-1822-a Солид Крисп цезарь ок. 317 г. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Constantine II (AD 316-340)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 317-337 Western Emperor: AD 337-340
Source title: Busto de mármol de Constantino II o sus hermanos, M Capitolinos.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust identified as Constantine II or one of his brothers; bust of one of the sons of Constantine. Musei Capitolini, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Juan Diego Curcuas
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Busto_de_mármol_de_Constantino_II_o_sus_hermanos,_M_Capitolinos.jpg
Credit line: “Busto de mármol de Constantino II o sus hermanos, M Capitolinos.jpg” by Juan Diego Curcuas, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constantius II (AD 317-361)
Full name: Flavius Julius Constantius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 324-337 Eastern Emperor: AD 337-353 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 353-361
Source title: Constantius II bust crop.png
Object Description: Late Roman bust of a man in Luna marble, Museo Nazionale Romano. Usually dated to the fourth or fifth century, though possibly a modern fake. Sometimes identified as a member of the Constantinian dynasty, especially Emperor Constantius II, but also identified as Emperor Valens.
Photographer / Author: Jebulon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_II_bust_crop.png
Credit line: “Constantius II bust crop.png” by Jebulon, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constans I (AD c. 323-350)
Full name: Flavius Julius Constans
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 333-337 Western Emperor: AD 337-350
Source title: Head of Emperor Constans (r. 337–50) MET DP337519.jpg
Object Description: Marble head probably depicting Emperor Constans, between AD 337 and 340. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession no. 67.107.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_of_Emperor_Constans_(r._337–50)_MET_DP337519.jpg
_MET_DP337519.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Head of Emperor Constans (r. 337–50) MET DP337519.jpg” by Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons / Metropolitan Museum of Art, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Dalmatius (AD ?-337)
Full name: Flavius Julius Dalmatius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 335-337
Source title: Delmatius Coin Abverse.jpg
Object Description: Æ follis of Dalmatius as Caesar, struck at Aquileia, AD 336-337. Obverse: FL DELMA-TIVS NOB C; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Dalmatius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Leokand
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delmatius_Coin_Abverse.jpg
Credit line: “Delmatius Coin Abverse.jpg” by Leokand, based on an image from Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Hannibalianus (AD ?-337)
Full name: Flavius Hannibalianus
Reign: King of Kings and of the Pontic Peoples: AD 335-337
Source title: Follis of Hannibalianus.jpg
Object Description: Æ follis of Hannibalianus, styled Rex Regum, struck at Constantinople, AD 336-337. Obverse: bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hannibalianus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Follis_of_Hannibalianus.jpg
Credit line: “Follis of Hannibalianus.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Magnentius (AD c. 303-353)
Full name: Magnus Magnentius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350-353
Source title: Medallion of Magnentius.png
Object Description: Medallion, 3 solidi, with bust of Magnentius. Obverse: IMP CAES MAG-NENTIVS AVG. AD 351. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Photographer / Author: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medallion_of_Magnentius.png
Credit line: “Medallion of Magnentius.png” by Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, via Wikimedia Commons / Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Decentius (AD ?-353)
Full name: Magnus Decentius
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 350-353
Source title: Impero, decenzio, medaglione in bronzo (roma), 350-353.JPG
Object Description: Bronze medallion of Decentius, Rome, AD 350-353. Obverse image showing the bust of Decentius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Sailko
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impero,_decenzio,_medaglione_in_bronzo_(roma),_350-353.JPG
,_350-353.JPG){kind=link}
Credit line: “Impero, decenzio, medaglione in bronzo (roma), 350-353.JPG” by Sailko, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Vetranio (AD ?-356)
Full name: Vetranino
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350
Source title: Solidus Vetranio (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Vetranio, struck at Siscia, March-December AD 350. Obverse: D N VETRA-NIO P F AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Vetranio facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Vetranio_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Vetranio (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Nepotianus (AD ?-350)
Full name: Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350
Source title: Coin of Nepotian.png
Object Description: Coin of Nepotian, Rome mint, 5th officina, struck AD 350. Obverse: FL NEP CONST ANTINS AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Nepotian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coin_of_Nepotian.png
Credit line: “Coin of Nepotian.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantius Gallus (AD c. 326-354)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 351-354
Source title: Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Constantius Gallus as Caesar of the East, struck at Antioch, AD 351-354. Obverse image showing the bust of Gallus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg
Credit line: “Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Julian (AD 331-363)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Julianus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 355-360 Western Emperor: AD 360-361 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 361-363
Source title: Juliancng8851obverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Julian II, struck at Antioch, AD 361-363. Obverse: FL CL IVLIA NVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Julian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juliancng8851obverse.jpg
Credit line: “Juliancng8851obverse.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / auctions.cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Jovian (AD 331-364)
Full name: Jovianus
Reign: Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 363-364
Source title: Solidus of Jovian2 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Jovian, struck at Antioch, AD 364. Obverse: D N IOVIAN VS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Jovian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Jovian2_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Jovian2 (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valentinianic Dynasty (AD 364-392)
Valentinian I (AD 321-375)
Full name: Flavius Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 364-375
Source title: Gold Solidus of Valens, Antioch.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Valentinian I, struck at Antioch. Obverse: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Valentinian I facing right. The Wikimedia Commons file title identifies the coin as Valens, but the obverse legend on the coin reads Valentinianus.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Valens,_Antioch.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Valens, Antioch.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Although the Wikimedia Commons file title identifies the coin as Valens, the obverse legend reads Valentinianus. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valens (AD 328-378)
Full name: Flavius Valens
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 364-378
Source title: INC-3015-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 364 г. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Valens, c. AD 364. Obverse image showing the bust of Valens facing right, wearing a pearl diadem, cloak, and cuirass.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3015-a_Солид._Валент_II._Ок._364_г._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3015-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 364 г. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Gratian (AD 359-383)
Full name: Flavius Gratianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 367-383
Source title: Gold Solidus of Gratian, Antioch.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Gratian, struck at Antioch, dated between AD 367 and 375. The Wikimedia Commons file title and categories identify the coin as Gratian, although the English summary text on the file page contains a conflicting legend reading “D N VALENS - PER F AVG”.
Photographer / Author: ANS
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Gratian,_Antioch.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Gratian, Antioch.jpg” by ANS, via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valentinian II (AD 371-392)
Full name: Flavius Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 375-392
Source title: INC-2965-a Солид. Валентиниан II. Ок. 388—392 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Valentinian II, c. AD 388-392. Obverse image showing the bust of Valentinian II facing right, wearing a pearl diadem, cloak, and cuirass.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-2965-a_Солид._Валентиниан_II._Ок._388—392_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-2965-a Солид. Валентиниан II. Ок. 388—392 гг. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Magnus Maximus (AD ?-388)
Full name: Magnus Maximus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 383-388
Source title: Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png
Object Description: Aureus of Magnus Maximus, dated AD 383. Obverse: D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG; bust of Magnus Maximus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rare_aureus_of_Magnus_Maximus_(obverse_transparent).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Victor (AD ?-388)
Full name: Flavius Victor
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 384-388
Source title: Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Flavius Victor, struck at Treveri (Trier), AD 387. Obverse: D N FL VIC-TOR P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Flavius Victor facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Flavius_Victor_Trier_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Eugenius (AD ?-394)
Full name: Flavius Eugenius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 392-394
Source title: Eugenius coin (transparent).png
Object Description: Tremissis of Eugenius, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 393-394. Obverse: D N EVGENI-VS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Eugenius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenius_coin_(transparent).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Eugenius coin (transparent).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / auctions.cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Theodosian Dynasty (AD 379-457)
Theodosius I (AD 347-395)
Full name: Flavius Theodosius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 379-394 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 394-395
Source title: Bust of Theodosius I.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Theodosius I, found at Aphrodisias, Aydın, Turkey.
Photographer / Author: www.livius.org
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from Livius.org
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Theodosius_I.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Theodosius I.jpg” by www.livius.org, via Wikimedia Commons / Livius.org, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Arcadius (AD 377-408)
Full name: Flavius Arcadius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 383-408
Source title: Altes Museum-Arcadius.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust of Emperor Arcadius, ca. AD 400. Altes Museum, Berlin.
Photographer / Author: Capillon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — The copyright holder released this work into the public domain.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altes_Museum-Arcadius.jpg
Credit line: “Altes Museum-Arcadius.jpg” by Capillon, via Wikimedia Commons, released into the public domain by the copyright holder. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Honorius (AD 384-423)
Full name: Flavius Honorius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 393-423
Source title: Diptych of Honorius (body).jpg
Object Description: Ivory diptych of consul Anicius Petronius Probus with the depiction of Emperor Honorius, AD 406. Aosta Cathedral, Museo del Tesoro.
Photographer / Author: Dea Picture Library
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diptych_of_Honorius_(body).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Diptych of Honorius (body).jpg”, depicting Emperor Honorius on the ivory diptych of consul Anicius Petronius Probus, via Wikimedia Commons / Seuso Treasure; photograph by Dea Picture Library, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Theodosius II (AD 401-450)
Full name: Flavius Theodosius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 402-450
Source title: Theodosius II Louvre Ma1036.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust of Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II, 5th century AD. Louvre Museum, Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, accession no. Ma 1036 / OA 9056.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-assisted background extension applied for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosius_II_Louvre_Ma1036.jpg
Credit line: “Theodosius II Louvre Ma1036.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic. Cropped, resized, and AI-assisted background extension applied for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
(w.) Constantine III (AD ?-411)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 407-411
Source title: Solidus of Constantine III (west).png
Object Description: Solidus of Constantine III, emperor/usurper in the Western Roman Empire, minted at Arles. Obverse image showing the bust of Constantine III facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Constantine_III_(west).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Constantine III (west).png” by CNG Coins / Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coinsweekly.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
(w.) Constans II (AD ?-411)
Full name: Flavius Constans
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 409-411
Source title: Siliqua Constans II Arelate (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Siliqua of Constans II, son of Constantine III, struck at Arelate (Arles), AD 409-411. Obverse image showing the bust of Constans II facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Siliqua_Constans_II_Arelate_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Siliqua Constans II Arelate (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantius III (AD ?-421)
Full name: Flavius Constantius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 421
Source title: Constantius III diptych.jpg
Object Description: Ivory diptych depicting the future emperor Constantius III, dated AD 417.
Photographer / Author: Bernd Gährken
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from astrode.de
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The file page also states that the author released the work into the public domain; CC BY-SA 4.0 is followed here as the more specific listed licence.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_III_diptych.jpg
Credit line: “Constantius III diptych.jpg” by Bernd Gährken, via Wikimedia Commons / astrode.de, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Joannes (AD ?-425)
Full name: Joannes
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 423-425
Source title: Solidus of Joannes.png
Object Description: Solidus of the usurper/emperor Joannes, struck at Ravenna. Obverse: D N IOHAN NES P F AVG; rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Joannes facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Joannes.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Joannes.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valentinian III (AD 419-455)
Full name: Placidus Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 425-455
Source title: Bust of Valentinian III, Louvre.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Valentinian III set in a modern bust, dated between AD 425 and 450. The head is ancient, but the mounting is modern; the neck, nose, mouth, chin, and missing ears were restored in marble. Louvre Museum, accession no. Ma 1010 / MR 581 / N 1466 / SMD 42 / OA 9057.
Photographer / Author: Tony Querrec
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Valentinian_III,_Louvre.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Valentinian III, Louvre.jpg” by Tony Querrec, via Wikimedia Commons / Louvre Museum, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Marcian (AD c. 392-457)
Full name: Flavius Marcianus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 450-457
Source title: Solidus of Marcian.png
Object Description: Solidus of Marcian, struck at Constantinople, 7th officina, AD 450-457. Obverse: D N MARCIA NVS P F AVC; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust of Marcian facing slightly right, holding a spear over his shoulder with his right hand, with a shield decorated with a horseman spearing an enemy on his left arm.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Marcian.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Marcian.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Final Years of the Western Empire (AD 455-480)
Petronius Maximus (AD c. 397-455)
Full name: Petronius Maximus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 455
Source title: Solidus of Petronius Maximus.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Petronius Maximus, struck at Rome. Obverse: D N PETRONIVS MA-XIMVS P F AVC; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Petronius Maximus.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Petronius_Maximus.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Petronius Maximus.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Avitus (AD ?-456/7)
Full name: Eparchius Avitus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 455-456
Source title: Solidus Avitus Arles (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Avitus, struck at Arles, July 9, AD 455 - October 17, AD 456. Obverse: D N AVITVS PER P F AVG; rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Avitus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Avitus_Arles_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Avitus Arles (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Majorian (AD c. 420-461)
Full name: Julius Valerius Majorianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 457-461
Source title: Solidus Majorian Arles (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Majorian, struck at Arles. Obverse image showing the bust of Majorian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Majorian_Arles_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Majorian Arles (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Libius Severus (AD ?-465)
Full name: Libius Severus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 461-465
Source title: Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Libius Severus, struck at Ravenna, AD 461-465. Obverse: D N LIBIVS SEV-ERVS P F AVG; laurel-and-rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Libius Severus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Leu Numismatik
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg
Credit line: “Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg” by Leu Numismatik, via Wikimedia Commons / leunumismatik.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Anthemius (AD ?-472)
Full name: Procopius Anthemius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 467-472
Source title: Solidus of Anthemius.png
Object Description: Solidus of Anthemius, struck at Rome, AD 467-472. Obverse: D N ANTHEMIVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Anthemius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Anthemius.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Anthemius.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Olybrius (AD ?-472)
Full name: Anicius Olybrius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 472
Source title: Tremissis Olybrius (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Tremissis of Olybrius, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 472. Obverse: D N ANICIVS OLVBRIVS AVG, with some letters retrograde; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Olybrius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tremissis_Olybrius_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Tremissis Olybrius (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / sixbid.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Glycerius (AD ?-480?)
Full name: Glycerius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 473-474
Source title: Gold Solidus of Glycerius.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Glycerius, dated AD 474. Obverse inscription: D N GLYCER-IVS P F AVG.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society (ANS)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Glycerius.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Glycerius.jpg” by American Numismatic Society (ANS), via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society collection, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julius Nepos (AD ?-480)
Full name: Julius Nepos
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 474-480
Source title: Solidus of Julius Nepos.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Julius Nepos, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 474-475. Obverse: D N IVL NE POS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust of Julius Nepos facing slightly right, holding a spear in his right hand over his shoulder, with a shield decorated with a horseman spearing an enemy on his left arm.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Julius_Nepos.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Julius Nepos.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Romulus Augustulus (AD c. 461-?)
Full name: Romulus Augustus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 475-476
Source title: Gold Solidus of Romulus Augustulus.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Romulus Augustulus, dated between AD 475 and 476. Obverse inscription: D N ROMVLVS A-GVSTVS P F AVG.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society (ANS)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Romulus_Augustulus.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Romulus Augustulus.jpg” by American Numismatic Society (ANS), via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society collection, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Leonid Dynasty (AD 457-518)
Leo I (AD c. 401-474)
Full name: Flavius Leo
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 457-474
Source title: Leo I Louvre Ma1012 n2.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Byzantine Emperor Leo I, ca. AD 470. Alabaster antique head with modern marble restoration. Louvre Museum, Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, accession no. Ma 1012 / MR 670.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg
Credit line: “Leo I Louvre Ma1012 n2.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Leo II (AD c. 467-474)
Full name: Flavius Leo
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 473-474
Source title: Solidus of Leo II.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Leo II, struck at Constantinople. Obverse: D N LEO ET Z-ENO P P AVG; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_II.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Leo II.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Numisbids / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Zeno (AD c. 425-491)
Full name: Flavius Zeno
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 474-475, 476-491
Source title: Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.
Photographer / Author: Apaleutos25
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Roman_emperor_Zeno.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.jpg” by Apaleutos25, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Basiliscus (AD ?-476)
Full name: Flavius Basiliscus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 475-476
Source title: Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.
Photographer / Author: Apaleutos25
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_emperor_Basiliscus.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.jpg” by Apaleutos25, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Anastasius I (AD c. 431-518)
Full name: Flavius Anastasius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 491-518
Source title: Flavius Anastasius Probus 01c.JPG
Object Description: Detail from the ivory diptych of Flavius Anastasius Probus, left leaf. The diptych was made in Constantinople for the consulship of Flavius Anastasius Probus in AD 517, formerly in the treasury of Saint-Étienne de Bourges. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques, Inv. 55 n° 296 bis.
Photographer / Author: Clio20
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Other licensing options are also listed on the file page.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flavius_Anastasius_Probus_01c.JPG
Credit line: “Flavius Anastasius Probus 01c.JPG” by Clio20, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Corrections, Rights, and Attribution Requests
KBM Charts has made reasonable efforts to identify image sources, creators, photographers, repositories, licences, rights statements, and modification details accurately. Because this project draws from many public archives, museum collections, Wikimedia Commons files, and historical-image repositories, some attribution or rights information may change over time or may be incomplete at the source.
If you are a rights holder, creator, photographer, institution, or contributor and believe that an image has been incorrectly credited, insufficiently attributed, used in error, or listed with inaccurate licence information, please contact KBM Charts. I will review the issue and make appropriate corrections, updates, removals, or additional attributions as soon as reasonably possible.
For corrections, attribution requests, or rights-related enquiries, please contact:
KBM Charts hello@kbmcharts.com
Page last updated: 2 June 2026 Poster version: 2026 Project, 610 × 910 mm