This page provides image credits, source notes, licence information, and modification details for the historical images used in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors, a 2026 KBM Charts poster project.
The poster design, layout, text, diagrams, visual system, and original editorial work are © 2026 KBM Charts. All rights reserved. The historical images reproduced within the poster remain under their respective original licences, public-domain statuses, or open-access terms, as listed below.
Most image sources are drawn from Wikimedia Commons, museum open-access collections, public-domain archives, Creative Commons licensed files, and other source repositories that identify the relevant material as reusable. Each entry aims to provide the source title, creator or photographer where available, repository, source link, licence or rights status, and any modifications made for the poster.
Many images have been cropped, resized, colour-adjusted, background-extended, or otherwise prepared for integration into the poster layout. Where AI-assisted background extension has been used, it was applied to surrounding background areas for compositional purposes; the depicted historical object, coin, statue, or portrait was not intentionally altered.
Attribution entries follow a practical TASL-style format where available: title, author or photographer, source, licence, and modifications. Public-domain objects, CC0 files, Creative Commons licensed photographs, and museum open-access materials are distinguished as clearly as possible according to the information provided by their original repositories.
This credits page does not grant permission to reuse the poster as a whole. Reuse of individual source images should follow the licence or rights status of each original image source.
Late Republic (88-27 BC)
Sulla (138-78 BC)
Full name: Lucius Cornelius Sulla Felix
Office: Consul 82, 80 BC; Dictator 82-80 BC
Source title: Sulla Glyptothek Munich 309.jpg
Object Description: So-called “Sulla”, free copy (probably from the time of Augustus) after a portrait of an important Roman from the 2nd century BC. Because of many details this bust has in common with the so-called «Marius» (proportions, open mouth, large eyes), it has been suggested that both statues (brothers, adversaries?) were conceived and exhibited together.
Photographer / Uploader: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Sulla_Glyptothek_Munich_309.jpg
Credit line: “Sulla Glyptothek Munich 309.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julius Caesar (100-44 BC)
Full name: Gaius Julius Caesar
Office: Consul 59, 48, 46, 45, 44 BC; Dictator 49-44 BC
Source title: Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg
Object Description: The Tusculum portrait, a contemporary Roman sculpture of Julius Caesar located in the Archaeological Museum of Turin, Italy
Photographer / Author: Ángel M. Felicísimo
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped; further cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Retrato_de_Julio_César_(26724093101)_(cropped).jpg
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Credit line: “Retrato de Julio César (26724093101) (cropped).jpg” by Ángel M. Felicísimo, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped further and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
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Pompey (106-48 BC)
Full name: Gnaeus Pompeius Magnus
Office: Consul 70, 55, 52 BC
Source title: (Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg
Object Description: Claudian period copy (Mid 1 st century AD) of a type created after 60 BC
Photographer / Author: Didier Descouens
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Venice)_Pompey_the_Great,_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg
_Pompey_the_Great,_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “(Venice) Pompey the Great, Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg” by Didier Descouens, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crassus (115-53 BC)
Full name: Marcus Licinius Crassus
Office: Consul 70, 55 BC
Source title: Roman bust in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Late Roman Republic bust in the Glyptothek, Copenhagen. Found in Licinier's Tomb. Conjectured to be Crassus, but uncertain.
Photographer / Author: Diagram Lajard
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_bust_in_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_(cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman bust in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek (cropped).jpg” by Diagram Lajard, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Mark Antony (83-30 BC)
Full name: Marcus Antonius
Office: Consul 44, 34 BC
Source title: Marble bust of Mark Antony (Vatican Museums).jpg
Object Description: Roman male portrait bust of Marcus Antonius. Fine-grained yellowish marble. Flavian age (69—96 A.D.). Rome, Vatican Museums, Chiaramonti Museum. Height: 68 cm. Found near Tor Sapienza before Porta Maggiore in 1830 or 1831.
Photographer / Author: Bust: unknown ancient Roman artist of the 1st century AD; photo: unknown photographer.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_bust_of_Mark_Antony_(Vatican_Museums).jpg
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Credit line: “Marble bust of Mark Antony (Vatican Museums).jpg”, bust by an unknown ancient Roman artist of the 1st century AD, photo by unknown photographer, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Lepidus (c. 89-13/12 BC)
Full name: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus
Office: Consul 46, 42 BC
Source title: Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Musei Vaticani) replica in Pushkin museum 01 by shakko.jpg
Object Description: Casting of a Roman portrait sculpture identified as Marcus Aemilius Lepidus, after an original in the Vatican Museums, displayed in the Pushkin Museum.
Photographer / Author: Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
_replica_in_Pushkin_museum_01_by_shakko.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Marcus Aemilius Lepidus (Musei Vaticani) replica in Pushkin museum 01 by shakko.jpg”, photo by Shakko (Sofia Bagdasarova), via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julio-Claudian Dynasty (27 BC-AD 68)
Augustus (63 BC-AD 14)
Full name: Imperator Caesar Augustus
Office: Consul 43, 33, 31-23, 5, 2 BC
Imperial Reign: 27 BC-AD 14
Source title: Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg
Object Description: So called “Augustus Bevilacqua”. Bust of the emperor with the Civic Crown, period of his reign.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Augustus_Bevilacqua_Glyptothek_Munich_317.jpg
Credit line: “Augustus Bevilacqua Glyptothek Munich 317.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Tiberius (42 BC-AD 37)
Full name: Tiberius Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 14-37
Source title: Tiberius NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Roman Emperor Tiberius in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
Photographer / Author: Cnyborg, assumed based on copyright claims.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiberius_NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Credit line: “Tiberius NyCarlsberg01.jpg”, photo by Cnyborg, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Caligula (AD 12-41)
Full name: Gaius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 37-41
Source title: Portrait Head of Caligula - Getty Museum (72.AA.155).jpg
Object Description: Portrait head of Caligula, AD 37–41. Marble. Getty Villa, J. Paul Getty Museum, 72.AA.155.
Photographer / Author: J. Paul Getty Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Getty Open Content Program
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Getty Open Content image; no known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_Head_of_Caligula_-_Getty_Museum_(72.AA.155).jpg
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Credit line: “Portrait Head of Caligula - Getty Museum (72.AA.155).jpg”, image by the J. Paul Getty Museum / Getty Open Content Program, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Claudius (10 BC-AD 54)
Full name: Tiberius Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 41-54
Source title: Claudius NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Roman Emperor Claudius in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen.
Photographer / Author: Cnyborg, assumed based on copyright claims.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Claudius_NyCarlsberg01.jpg
Credit line: “Claudius NyCarlsberg01.jpg”, photo attributed to Cnyborg based on copyright claims, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Nero (AD 37-68)
Full name: Nero Claudius Caesar Augustus Germanicus
Reign: AD 54-68
Source title: Nero-black.png
Object Description: Bust of Emperor Nero at Musei Capitolini, Rome.
Photographer / Author: cjh1452000
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nero-black.png
Credit line: “Nero-black.png”, image by cjh1452000, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Year of the Four Emperors (AD 68-69)
Galba (3 BC-AD 69)
Full name: Servius Galba Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 68-69
Source title: Roman emperor Galba, Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities, Stockholm (20) (35867773310) edited.jpg
Object Description: Edited image of the bust of Roman emperor Galba at Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities in Stockholm.
Photographer / Author: Richard Mortel
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
_(35867773310)_edited.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman emperor Galba, Gustav III's Museum of Antiquities, Stockholm (20) (35867773310) edited.jpg” by Richard Mortel, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Otho (AD 32-69)
Full name: Marcus Otho Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 69
Source title: Statue of the emperor Otho, Ma 1215 (30612822394).jpg
Object Description: Statue of the emperor Otho, Louvre Museum, Department of Roman Antiquities.
Photographer / Author: Fred Romero
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Statue_of_the_emperor_Otho,_Ma_1215_(30612822394).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Statue of the emperor Otho, Ma 1215 (30612822394).jpg” by Fred Romero, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Vitellius (AD 15-69)
Full name: Aulus Vitellius Germanicus Augustus
Reign: AD 69
Source title: Tunis Bardo Buste 8.jpg
Object Description: Ancient Roman bust of emperor Vitellius, in the Bardo National Museum (Tunis).
Photographer / Author: M.Rais
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tunis_Bardo_Buste_8.jpg
Credit line: “Tunis Bardo Buste 8.jpg”, photo by M.Rais, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Flavian Dynasty (AD 69-96)
Vespasian (AD 9-79)
Full name: Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Reign: AD 69-79
Source title: Neues Museum - Kolossalbildnis des römischen Kaisers Vespasian.jpg
Object Description: Colossal bust of Emperor Vespasian, 1st century AD. Marble, 74.5 cm high. Neues Museum, Berlin, Sk 348. Many parts are modern replacements.
Photographer / Author: Ophelia2
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neues_Museum_-_Kolossalbildnis_des_römischen_Kaisers_Vespasian.jpg
Credit line: “Neues Museum - Kolossalbildnis des römischen Kaisers Vespasian.jpg”, photo by Ophelia2, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Titus (AD 39-81)
Full name: Titus Caesar Vespasianus Augustus
Reign: AD 79-81
Source title: Titus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3159.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Titus, ca. AD 80. Marble. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3159.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Titus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3159.jpg
Credit line: “Titus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3159.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Domitian (AD 51-96)
Full name: Caesar Domitianus Augustus
Reign: AD 81-96
Source title: Emperor Domitian, Roman, 1st century AD - Chapel Corridor, Chatsworth House - Derbyshire, England - DSC03028.jpg
Object Description: Roman portrait of Emperor Domitian, 1st century AD, displayed in Chatsworth House, Derbyshire, England.
Photographer / Author: Daderot
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Credit line: “Emperor Domitian, Roman, 1st century AD - Chapel Corridor, Chatsworth House - Derbyshire, England - DSC03028.jpg” by Daderot, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Nerva-Antonine Dynasty (AD 96-192)
Nerva (AD 30-98)
Full name: Nerva Caesar Augustus
Reign: AD 96-98
Source title: Nerva Tivoli Massimo.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Nerva, marble, ca. AD 96–98. Found at Tivoli; Palazzo Massimo alle Terme, Rome, first floor, Room II.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Nerva_Tivoli_Massimo.jpg
Credit line: “Nerva Tivoli Massimo.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Trajan (AD 53-117)
Full name: Caesar Nerva Traianus Augustus
Reign: AD 98-117
Source title: Traianus Glyptothek Munich 72.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Trajan, with the Civic Crown, a sword belt and the aegis, attribute of Jupiter and symbol of divine power. Glyptothek, Munich, Inv. 72.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Traianus_Glyptothek_Munich_72.jpg
Credit line: “Traianus Glyptothek Munich 72.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Hadrian (AD 76-138)
Full name: Caesar Traianus Hadrianus Augustus
Reign: AD 117-138
Source title: Emperor Hadrian Louvre Ma3131.jpg
Object Description: Emperor Hadrian in armour, wearing the gorgoneion. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. AD 127–128. From Heraklion, Crete. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 3131 / MNC 2392.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Hadrian_Louvre_Ma3131.jpg
Credit line: “Emperor Hadrian Louvre Ma3131.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Antoninus Pius (AD 86-161)
Full name: Titus Aelius Hadrianus Antoninus Pius
Reign: AD 138-161
Source title: Antoninus Pius bust S2436 ancient agora museum Athens.jpg
Object Description: Ancient Roman bust of Emperor Antoninus Pius, AD 138–161. Museum of the Ancient Agora, Athens, inv. S 2436.
Photographer / Author: Jebulon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninus_Pius_bust_S2436_ancient_agora_museum_Athens.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninus Pius bust S2436 ancient agora museum Athens.jpg”, image by Jebulon, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Marcus Aurelius (AD 121-180)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 161-180
Source title: Marcus Aurelius Glyptothek Munich.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Marcus Aurelius, reign AD 161–180. Glyptothek, Munich, Room 11.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marcus_Aurelius_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg
Credit line: “Marcus Aurelius Glyptothek Munich.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Lucius Verus (AD 130-169)
Full name: Lucius Aurelius Verus
Reign: AD 161-169
Source title: Lucius Verus - MET - L.2007.26cropped.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait of the co-emperor Lucius Verus, Roman Antonine period, ca. AD 161–169. Lent by the Musée du Louvre, Département des antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, Ma 1101; displayed at the Metropolitan Museum of Art, L.2007.26.
Photographer / Author: PierreSelim
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lucius_Verus_-_MET_-_L.2007.26_cropped.jpg
Credit line: “Lucius Verus - MET - L.2007.26 cropped.jpg”, image by PierreSelim, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Commodus (AD 161-192)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Commodus Antoninus
Reign: AD 180-192
Source title: Bust Commodus Glyptothek Munich.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Commodus, reign AD 180–192. Glyptothek, Munich, Room 11.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_Commodus_Glyptothek_Munich.jpg
Credit line: “Bust Commodus Glyptothek Munich.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Year of the Five Emperors (AD 193)
Pertinax (AD 126-193)
Full name: Publius Helvius Pertinax
Reign: AD 193
Source title: Bust of Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Publius Helvius Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery. Inv. 1914 n. 202; Mansuelli: II.132.
Photographer / Author: L. Dyck
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source listed as The Uffizi Gallery / Uffizi Digitalization Project
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Pertinax_at_the_Uffizi_Gallery.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Pertinax at the Uffizi Gallery.jpg”, photo by L. Dyck, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Didius Julianus (AD 133-193)
Full name: Marcus Didius Severus Julianus
Reign: AD 193
Source title: Buste de Didius Iulianus5.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Didius Julianus. Marble, late 2nd to early 3rd century AD. From Otricoli, Italy. Musei Capitolini, Palazzo Nuovo, Sala degli Imperatori, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Wilfredor
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Buste_de_Didius_Iulianus5.jpg
Credit line: “Buste de Didius Iulianus5.jpg”, image by Wilfredor, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Pescennius Niger (AD c. 135-194)
Full name: Gaius Pescennius Niger
Claim: AD 193-194
Source title: Aureus Pescennius Niger (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Pescennius Niger, AD 193–194, Antioch mint. Obverse with laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from dirtyoldcoins.com
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Pescennius_Niger_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Pescennius Niger (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / dirtyoldcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Clodius Albinus (AD c. 150-197)
Full name: Decimus Clodius Albinus
Claim: AD 193, 197
Source title: Lyon 5e - Musée Lugdunum - EnQuête de pouvoir - Buste d'Albinus.jpeg
Object Description: Cuirassed bust with gorgoneion. Marble, late 2nd to early 3rd century AD. From Anzio, formerly in the Albani Collection; Musei Capitolini, Palazzo Nuovo, Sala degli Imperatori, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Romainbehar
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Lyon_5e_-_Musée_Lugdunum_-_EnQuête_de_pouvoir_-_Buste_d'Albinus.jpeg
Credit line: “Lyon 5e - Musée Lugdunum - EnQuête de pouvoir - Buste d'Albinus.jpeg”, image by Romainbehar, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severan Dynasty (AD 193-235)
Septimius Severus (AD 145-211)
Full name: Lucius Septimius Severus Pertinax
Reign: AD 193-211
Source title: Septimius Severus Glyptothek Munich 357.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Septimius Severus, reign AD 193–211. White, fine-grained marble with modern restorations to the nose, parts of the beard, and draped bust. Glyptothek, Munich, Inv. 357.
Photographer / Author: Bibi Saint-Pol
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Septimius_Severus_Glyptothek_Munich_357.jpg
Credit line: “Septimius Severus Glyptothek Munich 357.jpg”, photo by Bibi Saint-Pol, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Caracalla (AD 188-217)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 198-217
Source title: Marble portrait of the emperor Caracalla MET DP123898.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait head of the emperor Caracalla, Roman, AD 212–217. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession no. 40.11.1a.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access project
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_portrait_of_the_emperor_Caracalla_MET_DP123898.jpg
Credit line: “Marble portrait of the emperor Caracalla MET DP123898.jpg”, image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Geta (AD 189-211)
Full name: Publius Septimius Geta
Reign: AD 209-211
Source title: Publius Septimius Geta Louvre Ma1076.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Publius Septimius Geta. Marble, Roman artwork, ca. AD 208. From Gabies. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 1076 / MR 512.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Publius_Septimius_Geta_Louvre_Ma1076.jpg
Credit line: “Publius Septimius Geta Louvre Ma1076.jpg”, photo by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Macrinus (AD 165-218)
Full name: Marcus Opellius Servius Macrinus
Reign: AD 217-218
Source title: Aureus Macrinus-RIC 0079.jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Macrinus, struck AD 217 or 218. Obverse: laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Macrinus right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from CNG Coins, through WildWinds
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Only the left-side obverse image was extracted from the original two-sided source file; the background was removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Macrinus-RIC_0079.jpg
Credit line: “Aureus Macrinus-RIC 0079.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins / WildWinds, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Only the left-side obverse image was extracted from the original two-sided source file; the background was removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Diadumenian (AD 208-218)
Full name: Marcus Opellius Antoninus Diadumenianus
Reign: AD 218
Source title: Macrino, aureo per diadoumeniano cesare, 217-18, 01.JPG
Object Description: Gold aureus related to Diadumenian as Caesar, AD 217–218.
Photographer / Author: Sailko
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Macrino,_aureo_per_diadoumeniano_cesare,_217-18,_01.JPG?uselang=en#Licensing
Credit line: “Macrino, aureo per diadoumeniano cesare, 217-18, 01.JPG” by Sailko, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0.
Elagabalus (AD c. 204-222)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Antoninus
Reign: AD 218-222
Source title: Elagabulus, ca. 218-22, National Gallery, Oslo (36420568016).jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Elagabalus, 2nd type. White marble bust, dated AD 218–222. National Museum of Art, Architecture and Design, Oslo, accession no. NG.S.01434.
Photographer / Author: Richard Mortel
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 2.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Elagabulus,_ca._218-22,_National_Gallery,_Oslo_(36420568016).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Elagabulus, ca. 218-22, National Gallery, Oslo (36420568016).jpg” by Richard Mortel, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY 2.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severus Alexander (AD 208-235)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Severus Alexander
Reign: AD 222-235
Source title: Alexander Severus Musei Capitolini MC471.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Alexander Severus. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 222–235. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 471.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexander_Severus_Musei_Capitolini_MC471.jpg
Credit line: “Alexander Severus Musei Capitolini MC471.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crisis of the Third Century (AD 235-285)
Maximinus Thrax (AD c. 173-238)
Full name: Gaius Julius Verus Maximinus
Reign: AD 235-238
Source title: Maximinus Thrax Musei Capitolini MC473.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Maximinus Thrax. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 235–238. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 473.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Maximinus_Thrax_Musei_Capitolini_MC473.jpg
Credit line: “Maximinus Thrax Musei Capitolini MC473.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian I (AD c. 158-238)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Gordian I Musei Capitolini MC475.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Gordian I. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 220–230. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 475. Albani Collection.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gordian_I_Musei_Capitolini_MC475.jpg
Credit line: “Gordian I Musei Capitolini MC475.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian II (AD c. 192-238)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus Sempronianus Romanus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Denarius of Gordian II.png
Object Description: Denarius of Gordian II. Obverse legend: IMP M ANT GORDIANVS AFR AVG.
Photographer / Author: CGB
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from CGB
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Resized for poster layout. Source file already has a transparent background.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Denarius_of_Gordian_II.png
Credit line: “Denarius of Gordian II.png”, image by CGB, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Pupienus (AD c. 164-238)
Full name: Marcus Clodius Pupienus Maximus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Pupienus Musei Capitolini MC477.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Pupienus. Marble, Roman artwork, AD 238. Capitoline Museums, Palazzo Nuovo, Hall of the Emperors, MC 477.
Photographer / Author: Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Pupienus_Musei_Capitolini_MC477.jpg
Credit line: “Pupienus Musei Capitolini MC477.jpg”, photo by Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Balbinus (AD c. 178-238)
Full name: Decimus Caelius Calvinus Balbinus
Reign: AD 238
Source title: Balbinus Hermitage.jpg
Object Description: Portrait / bust of Balbinus, second quarter of the 3rd century AD. Marble, A 250. State Hermitage Museum, Jupiter Hall, Saint Petersburg.
Photographer / Author: George Shuklin
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5. The file is available under multiple licences; CC BY 2.5 selected for this use.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Balbinus_Hermitage.jpg
Credit line: “Balbinus Hermitage.jpg” by George Shuklin, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gordian III (AD 225-244)
Full name: Marcus Antonius Gordianus
Reign: AD 238-244
Source title: Bust Gordianus III Louvre Ma1063.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Gordian III. Marble. Louvre Museum, Department of Greek, Etruscan and Roman Antiquities, Ma 1063.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5. The file is available under multiple licences; CC BY 2.5 selected for this use.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_Gordianus_III_Louvre_Ma1063.jpg
Credit line: “Bust Gordianus III Louvre Ma1063.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Philip I (AD c. 204-249)
Full name: Marcus Julius Philippus
Reign: AD 244-249
Source title: Neues Museum - Bildnis des römischen Kaisers Philippus Arabs.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of the Roman emperor Philip the Arab. Neues Museum, Berlin.
Photographer / Author: Ophelia2
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Neues_Museum_-_Bildnis_des_römischen_Kaisers_Philippus_Arabs.jpg
Credit line: “Neues Museum - Bildnis des römischen Kaisers Philippus Arabs.jpg”, photo by Ophelia2, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Philip II (AD 237-249)
Full name: Marcus Julius Severus Philippus
Reign: AD 247-249
Source title: (Venice) Bust of emperor Philip II, in Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg
Object Description: Bust of emperor Philip II. Marble, 3rd century AD. Museo Archeologico Nazionale, Venice, Inv. No. 177.
Photographer / Author: Didier Descouens
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:(Venice)_Bust_of_emperor_Philip_II,_in_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg
_Bust_of_emperor_Philip_II,_in_Museo_Archeologico_Nazionale.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “(Venice) Bust of emperor Philip II, in Museo Archeologico Nazionale.jpg” by Didier Descouens, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0.
Decius (AD c. 201-251)
Full name: Gaius Messius Quintus Traianus Decius
Reign: AD 249-251
Source title: Trajan Dèce.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Trajan Decius. Capitoline Museums, Rome, MC 482.
Photographer / Author: Louis de Lauban
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trajan_Dèce.jpg
Credit line: “Trajan Dèce.jpg”, image by Louis de Lauban, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Herennius Etruscus (AD ?-251)
Full name: Quintus Herennius Etruscus Messius Decius
Reign: AD 251
Source title: Herennius Etruscus antoninianus.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Herennius Etruscus.
Photographer / Author: Velatrix
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Herennius_Etruscus_antoninianus.jpg
Credit line: “Herennius Etruscus antoninianus.jpg”, image by Velatrix, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Hostilian (AD ?-251)
Full name: Gaius Valens Hostilianus Messius Quintus
Reign: AD 251
Source title: Antoninien d'Hostilien, 250, NT31711.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Hostilian, AD 250.
Photographer / Author: Anonymous
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninien_d'Hostilien,_250,_NT31711.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninien d'Hostilien, 250, NT31711.jpg”, image by Anonymous, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Trebonianus Gallus (AD c. 206-253)
Full name: Gaius Vibius Trebonianus Gallus
Reign: AD 251-253
Source title: Bronze statue of the emperor Trebonianus Gallus (detail).jpg
Object Description: Detail of a bronze statue of Emperor Trebonianus Gallus, AD 251–253. Metropolitan Museum of Art, New York, accession no. 05.30.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art Open Access project
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bronze_statue_of_the_emperor_Trebonianus_Gallus_(detail).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Bronze statue of the emperor Trebonianus Gallus (detail).jpg”, image from the Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Volusianus (AD ?-253)
Full name: Gaius Vibius Afinius Gallus Veldumnianus Volusianus
Reign: AD 251-253
Source title: Volusianus antoninianus.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Volusianus.
Photographer / Author: Velatrix
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Volusianus_antoninianus.jpg
Credit line: “Volusianus antoninianus.jpg”, image by Velatrix, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Aemilianus (AD c. 207-253)
Full name: Marcus Aemilius Aemilianus
Reign: AD 253
Source title: Aemilian.jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Aemilian.
Photographer / Author: Rasiel Suarez
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — released into the public domain by the copyright holder.
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aemilian.jpg
Credit line: “Aemilian.jpg”, image by Rasiel Suarez, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valerian (AD c. 199-260/4)
Full name: Publius Licinius Valerianus
Reign: AD 253-260
Source title: Valerianus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3387.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Valerian. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3387.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valerianus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3387.jpg
Credit line: “Valerianus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3387.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gallienus (AD c. 218-268)
Full name: Publius Licinius Egnatius Gallienus
Reign: AD 253-268
Source title: Gallienus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3388.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Emperor Gallienus. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, IN 3388.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gallienus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN3388.jpg
Credit line: “Gallienus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN3388.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Saloninus (AD ?-260)
Full name: Publius Licinius Cornelius Saloninus Valerianus
Reign: AD 260
Source title: Aureus Saloninus Caesar (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Saloninus as Caesar. Obverse portrait of Saloninus.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from dirtyoldcoins.com
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Saloninus_Caesar_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Saloninus Caesar (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Claudius Gothicus (AD 214-270)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Claudius
Reign: AD 268-270
Source title: ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Claudius Gothicus.
Photographer / Author: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg
Credit line: “ClaudiusGothicusSC265569.jpg”, image by Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Quintillus (AD ?-270)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Claudius Quintillus
Reign: AD 270
Source title: QuintillusCalico3968 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Coin portrait of Emperor Quintillus. Obverse image.
Photographer / Author: Gemini
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:QuintillusCalico3968_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “QuintillusCalico3968 (obverse).jpg”, image by Gemini, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Aurelian (AD c. 214-275)
Full name: Lucius Domitius Aurelianus
Reign: AD 270-275
Source title: 5305 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Ritratto di Claudio II il Gotico - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011.jpg
Object Description: Bronze bust of either Claudius II “Gothicus” or Aurelian. One of two twin gilded bronze busts from Brescia, now exhibited at the Santa Giulia Museum, Brescia, Italy.
Photographer / Author: Giovanni Dall’Orto
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Attribution-only licence. Copyright retained by Giovanni Dall’Orto; commercial use, redistribution, and derivative works are permitted with proper attribution.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Credit line: “5305 - Brescia - S. Giulia - Ritratto di Claudio II il Gotico - Foto Giovanni Dall'Orto, 25 Giu 2011.jpg”, photo by Giovanni Dall’Orto, via Wikimedia Commons. Used under an attribution-only licence; commercial use and derivative works permitted with proper attribution. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Tacitus (AD ?-276)
Full name: Marcus Claudius Tacitus
Reign: AD 275-276
Source title: Roman Marble Bust of Emperor Tacitus, 275-276 AD (28026024160).jpg
Object Description: Roman marble bust of Emperor Tacitus, AD 275–276. Louvre Museum, Paris.
Photographer / Author: Gary Todd
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Flickr
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Roman_Marble_Bust_of_Emperor_Tacitus,_275-276_AD_(28026024160).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Roman Marble Bust of Emperor Tacitus, 275-276 AD (28026024160).jpg”, image by Gary Todd, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, released under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Florianus (AD ?-276)
Full name: Marcus Annius Florianus
Reign: AD 276
Source title: Aureus of Florianus (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Florianus, AD 276. Obverse: bust of Florianus, laureate, cuirassed, facing left, holding sceptre and shield. Lettering: VIRTVS FLORIANI AVG.
Photographer / Author: Numista.com
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from Numista
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_of_Florianus_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus of Florianus (obverse).jpg”, image by Numista.com, via Wikimedia Commons / Numista. Public domain. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Probus (AD ?-282)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Probus
Reign: AD 276-282
Source title: Probus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548700.jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Probus, struck at Siscia, AD 277. Obverse: IMP C M AVR P-ROBVS AVG; draped and cuirassed bust of Probus wearing a laurel wreath, seen from behind, facing right.
Photographer / Author: Reinhard Saczewski
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; white background removed; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Probus_-_Münzkabinett,_Berlin_-_5548700.jpg
Credit line: “Probus - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5548700.jpg”, photo by Reinhard Saczewski, via Wikimedia Commons / Staatliche Museen zu Berlin, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; white background removed and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Carus (AD c. 222-283)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Carus
Reign: AD 282-283
Source title: Aureus Carus Ticinum (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Carus, struck at Ticinum, AD 282-283. Obverse: IMP C M AVR CARVS P F AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Carus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from acsearch.info
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Carus_Ticinum_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Carus Ticinum (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Carinus (AD ?-285)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Carinus
Reign: AD 283-285
Source title: Monnaie - Médaillon, Carin et Numérien, Siscia - btv1b113445041 (1 of 2).jpg
Object Description: Medallion of Carinus and Numerian, struck at Siscia, AD 284. Obverse image from the Bibliothèque nationale de France collection.
Photographer / Author: Bibliothèque nationale de France
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — public domain in the United States and France.
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Monnaie_-_Médaillon,_Carin_et_Numérien,_Siscia_-_btv1b113445041_(1_of_2).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Monnaie - Médaillon, Carin et Numérien, Siscia - btv1b113445041 (1 of 2).jpg”, image from Gallica / Bibliothèque nationale de France, département Monnaies, médailles et antiques, IMP-9883, via Wikimedia Commons. Public domain in the United States and France. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Numerian (AD ?-284)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Numerianus
Reign: AD 283-284
Source title: Aureus of Numerian (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Aureus of Numerian, struck at Siscia, AD 284. Obverse: IMP C NVMERIANVS P F AVG; laureate and cuirassed bust of Numerian facing right, seen from the front, with clasp and fold of cloak on right shoulder.
Photographer / Author: Heritage Auctions
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_of_Numerian_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus of Numerian (obverse).jpg” by Heritage Auctions, via Wikimedia Commons / Heritage Auctions. Public domain; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Gallic Empire (AD 260-274)
Postumus (AD ?-269)
Full name: Marcus Cassianius Latinius Postumus
Reign: AD 260-269
Source title: Golden coin of Postumus.png
Object Description: Aureus of Postumus, AD 260-269. Obverse: POSTVMVS AVG; bust of Postumus facing right.
Photographer / Author: NumisCorner
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Golden_coin_of_Postumus.png
Credit line: “Golden coin of Postumus.png” by NumisCorner, via Wikimedia Commons / NumisCorner. Public domain; marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Marius (AD ?-269)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Marius
Reign: AD 269
Source title: Marius4.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Marcus Aurelius Marius. Obverse image showing the bust of Marius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Rasiel Suarez
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marius4.jpg
Credit line: “Marius4.jpg” by Rasiel Suarez, via Wikimedia Commons / Rasiel’s Roman Imperial Type Set, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Victorinus (AD ?-271)
Full name: Marcus Piavonius Victorinus
Reign: AD 269-271
Source title: Aureus Victorinus RIC 0094 (obverse).png
Object Description: Aureus of Victorinus. Obverse image showing the bust of Victorinus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Omicroñ'R
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aureus_Victorinus_RIC_0094_(obverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aureus Victorinus RIC 0094 (obverse).png” by Omicroñ'R, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Tetricus I (AD ?-?)
Full name: Gaius Pius Esuvius Tetricus
Reign: AD 271-274
Source title: INC-2045-a Ауреус. Тетрик I Старший. Ок. 271—274 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Aureus of Tetricus I, c. AD 271-274. Obverse: IMP TETRICVS PF AVG; bust of Tetricus facing right, wearing a laurel wreath.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-2045-a_Ауреус._Тетрик_I_Старший._Ок._271—274_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-2045-a Ауреус. Тетрик I Старший. Ок. 271—274 гг. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Palmyrene Empire (AD 270-272)
Odaenathus (AD c. 220-267)
Full name: Septimius Odaenathus (𐡠𐡣𐡩𐡮𐡶)
Reign: Lord of Palmyra: AD 240s-260 King of Palmyra: AD 260-267 King of Kings of the East: AD 263-267
Source title: Odenaethus Glyptoteket.jpg
Object Description: Limestone portrait of a leading Palmyrene, c. AD 230-250, Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen. The portrait is identified as Odaenathus according to Harald Ingholt.
Photographer / Author: Carole Raddato
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally posted on Flickr
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic. The ancient portrait object is public domain.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Odenaethus_Glyptoteket.jpg
Credit line: “Odenaethus Glyptoteket.jpg” by Carole Raddato, via Wikimedia Commons / Flickr, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.0 Generic. Ancient portrait object in Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen; public domain. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Zenobia (AD c. 240-c. 274)
Full name: Septimia Zenobia
Reign: Regent Queen of Palmyra: AD 267-272 Queen of Egypt: AD 270-272 Empress: AD 272
Source title: Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png
Object Description: Antoninianus of Zenobia, struck at Antioch, March-May AD 272. Obverse: S ZЄNOBIA AVG; draped bust of Zenobia facing right, wearing stephane, set on crescent.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninianus_of_Zenobia_(obverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Antoninianus of Zenobia (obverse).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Vaballathus (AD c. 259-c. 274)
Full name: Septimius Vaballathus
Reign: King of Kings of the East: AD 267-272 Emperor: AD 272
Source title: Aurelian-with-vabalathus (reverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold coin of Aurelian and Vaballathus, struck at Antioch, November AD 270-March AD 272. Reverse-side extracted image showing the bust of Vaballathus facing right. Legend: VABALATHVS V C R IM D R.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Aurelian-with-vabalathus_(reverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Aurelian-with-vabalathus (reverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / sixbid.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Carausian Britain (AD 286-296)
Carausius (AD ?-293)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Mausaeus Carausius
Reign: AD 286-293
Source title: Antoninianus Carausius leg4-RIC 0069v.jpg
Object Description: Antoninianus of Carausius, struck at Londinium, c. AD 288-290. Obverse: IMP CARAVSIVS P F AVG; radiate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Carausius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Antoninianus_Carausius_leg4-RIC_0069v.jpg
Credit line: “Antoninianus Carausius leg4-RIC 0069v.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Allectus (AD ?-296)
Full name: Allectus
Reign: AD 293-296
Source title: Quinarius Allectus galley-RIC 0128.2.jpg
Object Description: Quinarius of Allectus, struck at Camulodunum. Obverse: IMP C ALLECTVS P F AVG; radiate, cuirassed bust of Allectus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Quinarius_Allectus_galley-RIC_0128.2.jpg
Credit line: “Quinarius Allectus galley-RIC 0128.2.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com / Wildwinds, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Diocletian & The Tetrarchy (AD 284-324)
Diocletian (AD c. 242-312)
Full name: Gaius Aurelius Valerius Diocletianus
Reign: Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 284-286 Eastern Emperor: AD 286-305
Source title: Head of Diocletian, Getty Museum.jpg
Object Description: Fragment of a togate statue of Diocletian; unknown artist; about AD 295-300; Asia Minor marble, fine white; Getty Museum, accession no. 78.AA.8.
Photographer / Author: Getty Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_of_Diocletian,_Getty_Museum.jpg
Credit line: “Head of Diocletian, Getty Museum.jpg” by Getty Museum, via Wikimedia Commons / Getty Museum, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Maximian (AD c. 250-c. 310)
Full name: Marcus Aurelius Valerius Maximianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 286-305, 306-308, 310
Source title: Musée Saint-Raymond - 2017-09-02 - Inv. Ra 34b - 4654.jpg
Object Description: Colossal head of Emperor Maximian (Tête quasi colossale de Maximien Hercule), after AD 293. Marble. Musée Saint-Raymond, Toulouse, accession no. Inv. Ra 34b.
Photographer / Author: Pierre-Selim
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Musée_Saint-Raymond_-_2017-09-02_-_Inv._Ra_34b_-_4654.jpg
Credit line: “Musée Saint-Raymond - 2017-09-02 - Inv. Ra 34b - 4654.jpg” by Pierre-Selim, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Galerius (AD c. 258-311)
Full name: Gaius Galerius Valerius Maximianus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 293-305 Eastern Emperor: AD 305-311
Source title: Portrait of Galerius, Thessaloniki.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Galerius from the so-called “Little Arch of Galerius”, found in 1957 at 5 Isavron Street, just south of the large vestibule of the Octagon. Galerius is depicted beardless and wearing formal military attire.
Photographer / Author: Jona Lendering
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Portrait_of_Galerius,_Thessaloniki.jpg
Credit line: “Portrait of Galerius, Thessaloniki.jpg” by Jona Lendering, via Wikimedia Commons / Livius.org, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constantius I (AD c. 250-306)
Full name: Marcus Flavius Valerius Constantius
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 293-305 Western Emperor: AD 305-306
Source title: Constantius Chlorus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN836.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Constantius Chlorus, emperor in AD 305-306. Marble, circa 300. Shaped for insertion into a statue. Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek, Copenhagen, accession no. IN 836.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_Chlorus_Ny_Carlsberg_Glyptotek_IN836.jpg
Credit line: “Constantius Chlorus Ny Carlsberg Glyptotek IN836.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0. The underlying ancient artwork is public domain / marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Cropped, resized, and AI-extended around the background for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Severus (AD ?-307)
Full name: Flavius Valerius Severus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 305-306 Western Emperor: AD 306-307
Source title: Gold Aureus of Severus II (MANTIS).jpg
Object Description: Gold aureus of Severus II, struck at Trier, AD 305-307. Obverse image showing the bust of Severus II facing right.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Aureus_of_Severus_II_(MANTIS).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Gold Aureus of Severus II (MANTIS).jpg” by American Numismatic Society, via Wikimedia Commons / MANTIS, released under CC0 1.0. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Licinius (AD c. 265-325)
Full name: Valerius Licinianus Licinius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 308-312 Eastern Emperor: AD 312-324
Source title: Bust of Licinius, Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg
Object Description: Colossal insert head identified as Emperor Licinius I, found in Ephesos. Marble, AD 300-325. The portrait was presumably originally inserted into a cuirassed statue around five metres tall. Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, Antikensammlung, accession no. I 932.
Photographer / Author: Kunsthistorisches Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Licinius,_Kunsthistorisches_Museum.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Licinius, Kunsthistorisches Museum.jpg”, image from Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Maximinus Daza (AD c. 270-c. 313)
Full name: Galerius Valerius Maximinus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 305-310 Eastern Emperor: AD 310-313
Source title: MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Maximinus Daia.
Photographer / Author: Portable Antiquities Scheme / The Trustees of the British Museum
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg
Credit line: “MaximinusDaiaFinds.jpg” by Portable Antiquities Scheme / The Trustees of the British Museum, via Wikimedia Commons / finds.org.uk, licensed under CC BY 3.0 Unported. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valerius Valens (AD ?-317)
Full name: Aurelius Valerius Valens
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 316-317
Source title: Valerius Valens coin (transparent background).png
Object Description: Æ follis of Aurelius Valerius Valens, co-emperor of Licinius, AD 316-317. Alexandria mint, 1st officina. Obverse: IMP C AVR VAL VALENS P F AVG; laureate head of Valerius Valens facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Valerius_Valens_coin_(transparent_background).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Valerius Valens coin (transparent background).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licinius II (AD c. 315-c. 326)
Full name: Valerius Licinius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 317-324
Source title: Licínio II.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Licinius II. Obverse image showing the bust of Licinius II facing right.
Photographer / Author: tony Hilar, Michal Tompson, Elaine Prets
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Licínio_II.jpg
Credit line: “Licínio II.jpg” by tony Hilar, Michal Tompson, and Elaine Prets, via Wikimedia Commons / fotostudioequipe.com.br, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Martinian (AD ?-325)
Full name: Martinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 324
Source title: Martinian coin (transparent background).png
Object Description: Follis of Martinian, struck at Cyzicus in AD 324, 2nd officina. Obverse image showing the bust of Martinian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Martinian_coin_(transparent_background).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Martinian coin (transparent background).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantinian Dynasty (AD 306-363)
Constantine I (AD 272-337)
Full name: Flavius Valerius Constantinus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 306-309 Western Emperor: AD 309-324 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 324-337
Source title: Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I MET DP138715.jpg
Object Description: Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I. Roman; portrait head; stone sculpture; ca. AD 325-370. Marble. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession no. 26.229.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Marble_portrait_head_of_the_Emperor_Constantine_I_MET_DP138715.jpg
Credit line: “Marble portrait head of the Emperor Constantine I MET DP138715.jpg” by Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons / Metropolitan Museum of Art, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Crispus (AD c. 300-326)
Full name: Flavius Julius Crispus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 317-326
Source title: INC-1822-a Солид Крисп цезарь ок. 317 г. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Crispus as Caesar, struck at Trier, c. AD 317. Obverse image showing the bust of Crispus facing right, wearing a laurel wreath.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-1822-a_Солид_Крисп_цезарь_ок._317_г._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-1822-a Солид Крисп цезарь ок. 317 г. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Constantine II (AD 316-340)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 317-337 Western Emperor: AD 337-340
Source title: Busto de mármol de Constantino II o sus hermanos, M Capitolinos.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust identified as Constantine II or one of his brothers; bust of one of the sons of Constantine. Musei Capitolini, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Juan Diego Curcuas
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Photograph licensed under CC BY 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Busto_de_mármol_de_Constantino_II_o_sus_hermanos,_M_Capitolinos.jpg
Credit line: “Busto de mármol de Constantino II o sus hermanos, M Capitolinos.jpg” by Juan Diego Curcuas, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constantius II (AD 317-361)
Full name: Flavius Julius Constantius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 324-337 Eastern Emperor: AD 337-353 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 353-361
Source title: Constantius II bust crop.png
Object Description: Late Roman bust of a man in Luna marble, Museo Nazionale Romano. Usually dated to the fourth or fifth century, though possibly a modern fake. Sometimes identified as a member of the Constantinian dynasty, especially Emperor Constantius II, but also identified as Emperor Valens.
Photographer / Author: Jebulon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_II_bust_crop.png
Credit line: “Constantius II bust crop.png” by Jebulon, via Wikimedia Commons, released under CC0 1.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Constans I (AD c. 323-350)
Full name: Flavius Julius Constans
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 333-337 Western Emperor: AD 337-350
Source title: Head of Emperor Constans (r. 337–50) MET DP337519.jpg
Object Description: Marble head probably depicting Emperor Constans, between AD 337 and 340. Metropolitan Museum of Art, accession no. 67.107.
Photographer / Author: Metropolitan Museum of Art
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The file is dedicated to the public domain by the copyright holder.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Head_of_Emperor_Constans_(r._337–50)_MET_DP337519.jpg
_MET_DP337519.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Head of Emperor Constans (r. 337–50) MET DP337519.jpg” by Metropolitan Museum of Art, via Wikimedia Commons / Metropolitan Museum of Art, released under CC0 1.0. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Dalmatius (AD ?-337)
Full name: Flavius Julius Dalmatius
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 335-337
Source title: Delmatius Coin Abverse.jpg
Object Description: Æ follis of Dalmatius as Caesar, struck at Aquileia, AD 336-337. Obverse: FL DELMA-TIVS NOB C; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Dalmatius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Leokand
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Delmatius_Coin_Abverse.jpg
Credit line: “Delmatius Coin Abverse.jpg” by Leokand, based on an image from Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Hannibalianus (AD ?-337)
Full name: Flavius Hannibalianus
Reign: King of Kings and of the Pontic Peoples: AD 335-337
Source title: Follis of Hannibalianus.jpg
Object Description: Æ follis of Hannibalianus, styled Rex Regum, struck at Constantinople, AD 336-337. Obverse: bare-headed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Hannibalianus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Follis_of_Hannibalianus.jpg
Credit line: “Follis of Hannibalianus.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to use the obverse side of the coin only; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Magnentius (AD c. 303-353)
Full name: Magnus Magnentius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350-353
Source title: Medallion of Magnentius.png
Object Description: Medallion, 3 solidi, with bust of Magnentius. Obverse: IMP CAES MAG-NENTIVS AVG. AD 351. Museum of Fine Arts, Boston.
Photographer / Author: Museum of Fine Arts, Boston
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Medallion_of_Magnentius.png
Credit line: “Medallion of Magnentius.png” by Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, via Wikimedia Commons / Museum of Fine Arts, Boston, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Decentius (AD ?-353)
Full name: Magnus Decentius
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 350-353
Source title: Impero, decenzio, medaglione in bronzo (roma), 350-353.JPG
Object Description: Bronze medallion of Decentius, Rome, AD 350-353. Obverse image showing the bust of Decentius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Sailko
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Impero,_decenzio,_medaglione_in_bronzo_(roma),_350-353.JPG
,_350-353.JPG){kind=link}
Credit line: “Impero, decenzio, medaglione in bronzo (roma), 350-353.JPG” by Sailko, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Vetranio (AD ?-356)
Full name: Vetranino
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350
Source title: Solidus Vetranio (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Vetranio, struck at Siscia, March-December AD 350. Obverse: D N VETRA-NIO P F AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Vetranio facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Vetranio_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Vetranio (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Nepotianus (AD ?-350)
Full name: Flavius Julius Popilius Nepotianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 350
Source title: Coin of Nepotian.png
Object Description: Coin of Nepotian, Rome mint, 5th officina, struck AD 350. Obverse: FL NEP CONST ANTINS AVG; laureate, draped, and cuirassed bust of Nepotian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coin_of_Nepotian.png
Credit line: “Coin of Nepotian.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantius Gallus (AD c. 326-354)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantius Gallus
Reign: Eastern Caesar: AD 351-354
Source title: Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Constantius Gallus as Caesar of the East, struck at Antioch, AD 351-354. Obverse image showing the bust of Gallus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg
Credit line: “Galluscngsoliduslargerobverse.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Julian (AD 331-363)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Julianus
Reign: Western Caesar: AD 355-360 Western Emperor: AD 360-361 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 361-363
Source title: Juliancng8851obverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Julian II, struck at Antioch, AD 361-363. Obverse: FL CL IVLIA NVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Julian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Juliancng8851obverse.jpg
Credit line: “Juliancng8851obverse.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / auctions.cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Jovian (AD 331-364)
Full name: Jovianus
Reign: Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 363-364
Source title: Solidus of Jovian2 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Jovian, struck at Antioch, AD 364. Obverse: D N IOVIAN VS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Jovian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Jovian2_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Jovian2 (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valentinianic Dynasty (AD 364-392)
Valentinian I (AD 321-375)
Full name: Flavius Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 364-375
Source title: Gold Solidus of Valens, Antioch.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Valentinian I, struck at Antioch. Obverse: D N VALENTINI-ANVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Valentinian I facing right. The Wikimedia Commons file title identifies the coin as Valens, but the obverse legend on the coin reads Valentinianus.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Valens,_Antioch.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Valens, Antioch.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Although the Wikimedia Commons file title identifies the coin as Valens, the obverse legend reads Valentinianus. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valens (AD 328-378)
Full name: Flavius Valens
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 364-378
Source title: INC-3015-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 364 г. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Valens, c. AD 364. Obverse image showing the bust of Valens facing right, wearing a pearl diadem, cloak, and cuirass.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3015-a_Солид._Валент_II._Ок._364_г._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3015-a Солид. Валент II. Ок. 364 г. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Gratian (AD 359-383)
Full name: Flavius Gratianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 367-383
Source title: Gold Solidus of Gratian, Antioch.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Gratian, struck at Antioch, dated between AD 367 and 375. The Wikimedia Commons file title and categories identify the coin as Gratian, although the English summary text on the file page contains a conflicting legend reading “D N VALENS - PER F AVG”.
Photographer / Author: ANS
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Gratian,_Antioch.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Gratian, Antioch.jpg” by ANS, via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Valentinian II (AD 371-392)
Full name: Flavius Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 375-392
Source title: INC-2965-a Солид. Валентиниан II. Ок. 388—392 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Solidus of Valentinian II, c. AD 388-392. Obverse image showing the bust of Valentinian II facing right, wearing a pearl diadem, cloak, and cuirass.
Photographer / Author: International Numismatic Club
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-2965-a_Солид._Валентиниан_II._Ок._388—392_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-2965-a Солид. Валентиниан II. Ок. 388—392 гг. (аверс).png”, image provided by the International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Magnus Maximus (AD ?-388)
Full name: Magnus Maximus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 383-388
Source title: Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png
Object Description: Aureus of Magnus Maximus, dated AD 383. Obverse: D N MAG MAXIMVS P F AVG; bust of Magnus Maximus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Rare_aureus_of_Magnus_Maximus_(obverse_transparent).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Rare aureus of Magnus Maximus (obverse transparent).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Victor (AD ?-388)
Full name: Flavius Victor
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 384-388
Source title: Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Flavius Victor, struck at Treveri (Trier), AD 387. Obverse: D N FL VIC-TOR P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Flavius Victor facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Flavius_Victor_Trier_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Flavius Victor Trier (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Eugenius (AD ?-394)
Full name: Flavius Eugenius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 392-394
Source title: Eugenius coin (transparent).png
Object Description: Tremissis of Eugenius, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 393-394. Obverse: D N EVGENI-VS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Eugenius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eugenius_coin_(transparent).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Eugenius coin (transparent).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / auctions.cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons and provided as a transparent-background image; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Theodosian Dynasty (AD 379-457)
Theodosius I (AD 347-395)
Full name: Flavius Theodosius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 379-394 Emperor of the Whole Empire: AD 394-395
Source title: Bust of Theodosius I.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Theodosius I, found at Aphrodisias, Aydın, Turkey.
Photographer / Author: www.livius.org
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from Livius.org
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Theodosius_I.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Theodosius I.jpg” by www.livius.org, via Wikimedia Commons / Livius.org, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Arcadius (AD 377-408)
Full name: Flavius Arcadius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 383-408
Source title: Altes Museum-Arcadius.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust of Emperor Arcadius, ca. AD 400. Altes Museum, Berlin.
Photographer / Author: Capillon
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — The copyright holder released this work into the public domain.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Altes_Museum-Arcadius.jpg
Credit line: “Altes Museum-Arcadius.jpg” by Capillon, via Wikimedia Commons, released into the public domain by the copyright holder. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Honorius (AD 384-423)
Full name: Flavius Honorius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 393-423
Source title: Diptych of Honorius (body).jpg
Object Description: Ivory diptych of consul Anicius Petronius Probus with the depiction of Emperor Honorius, AD 406. Aosta Cathedral, Museo del Tesoro.
Photographer / Author: Dea Picture Library
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Public domain — marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work of art.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Diptych_of_Honorius_(body).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Diptych of Honorius (body).jpg”, depicting Emperor Honorius on the ivory diptych of consul Anicius Petronius Probus, via Wikimedia Commons / Seuso Treasure; photograph by Dea Picture Library, marked with Creative Commons Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; further cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Theodosius II (AD 401-450)
Full name: Flavius Theodosius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 402-450
Source title: Theodosius II Louvre Ma1036.jpg
Object Description: Marble bust of Byzantine Emperor Theodosius II, 5th century AD. Louvre Museum, Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, accession no. Ma 1036 / OA 9056.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped, resized, and AI-assisted background extension applied for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodosius_II_Louvre_Ma1036.jpg
Credit line: “Theodosius II Louvre Ma1036.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic. Cropped, resized, and AI-assisted background extension applied for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
(w.) Constantine III (AD ?-411)
Full name: Flavius Claudius Constantinus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 407-411
Source title: Solidus of Constantine III (west).png
Object Description: Solidus of Constantine III, emperor/usurper in the Western Roman Empire, minted at Arles. Obverse image showing the bust of Constantine III facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Constantine_III_(west).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Constantine III (west).png” by CNG Coins / Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coinsweekly.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
(w.) Constans II (AD ?-411)
Full name: Flavius Constans
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 409-411
Source title: Siliqua Constans II Arelate (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Siliqua of Constans II, son of Constantine III, struck at Arelate (Arles), AD 409-411. Obverse image showing the bust of Constans II facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Siliqua_Constans_II_Arelate_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Siliqua Constans II Arelate (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantius III (AD ?-421)
Full name: Flavius Constantius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 421
Source title: Constantius III diptych.jpg
Object Description: Ivory diptych depicting the future emperor Constantius III, dated AD 417.
Photographer / Author: Bernd Gährken
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source image from astrode.de
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The file page also states that the author released the work into the public domain; CC BY-SA 4.0 is followed here as the more specific listed licence.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantius_III_diptych.jpg
Credit line: “Constantius III diptych.jpg” by Bernd Gährken, via Wikimedia Commons / astrode.de, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Joannes (AD ?-425)
Full name: Joannes
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 423-425
Source title: Solidus of Joannes.png
Object Description: Solidus of the usurper/emperor Joannes, struck at Ravenna. Obverse: D N IOHAN NES P F AVG; rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Joannes facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Joannes.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Joannes.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file provided as a transparent-background image on Wikimedia Commons; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Valentinian III (AD 419-455)
Full name: Placidus Valentinianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 425-455
Source title: Bust of Valentinian III, Louvre.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Valentinian III set in a modern bust, dated between AD 425 and 450. The head is ancient, but the mounting is modern; the neck, nose, mouth, chin, and missing ears were restored in marble. Louvre Museum, accession no. Ma 1010 / MR 581 / N 1466 / SMD 42 / OA 9057.
Photographer / Author: Tony Querrec
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Bust_of_Valentinian_III,_Louvre.jpg
Credit line: “Bust of Valentinian III, Louvre.jpg” by Tony Querrec, via Wikimedia Commons / Louvre Museum, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Marcian (AD c. 392-457)
Full name: Flavius Marcianus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 450-457
Source title: Solidus of Marcian.png
Object Description: Solidus of Marcian, struck at Constantinople, 7th officina, AD 450-457. Obverse: D N MARCIA NVS P F AVC; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust of Marcian facing slightly right, holding a spear over his shoulder with his right hand, with a shield decorated with a horseman spearing an enemy on his left arm.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Marcian.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Marcian.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Final Years of the Western Empire (AD 455-480)
Petronius Maximus (AD c. 397-455)
Full name: Petronius Maximus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 455
Source title: Solidus of Petronius Maximus.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Petronius Maximus, struck at Rome. Obverse: D N PETRONIVS MA-XIMVS P F AVC; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Petronius Maximus.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Petronius_Maximus.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Petronius Maximus.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Avitus (AD ?-456/7)
Full name: Eparchius Avitus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 455-456
Source title: Solidus Avitus Arles (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Avitus, struck at Arles, July 9, AD 455 - October 17, AD 456. Obverse: D N AVITVS PER P F AVG; rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Avitus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Avitus_Arles_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Avitus Arles (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Majorian (AD c. 420-461)
Full name: Julius Valerius Majorianus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 457-461
Source title: Solidus Majorian Arles (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Majorian, struck at Arles. Obverse image showing the bust of Majorian facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Majorian_Arles_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Majorian Arles (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / acsearch.info, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Libius Severus (AD ?-465)
Full name: Libius Severus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 461-465
Source title: Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Libius Severus, struck at Ravenna, AD 461-465. Obverse: D N LIBIVS SEV-ERVS P F AVG; laurel-and-rosette-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Libius Severus facing right.
Photographer / Author: Leu Numismatik
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg
Credit line: “Libiusseverus01854obverse.jpg” by Leu Numismatik, via Wikimedia Commons / leunumismatik.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Anthemius (AD ?-472)
Full name: Procopius Anthemius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 467-472
Source title: Solidus of Anthemius.png
Object Description: Solidus of Anthemius, struck at Rome, AD 467-472. Obverse: D N ANTHEMIVS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Anthemius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Anthemius.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Anthemius.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Olybrius (AD ?-472)
Full name: Anicius Olybrius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 472
Source title: Tremissis Olybrius (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Tremissis of Olybrius, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 472. Obverse: D N ANICIVS OLVBRIVS AVG, with some letters retrograde; pearl-diademed, draped, and cuirassed bust of Olybrius facing right.
Photographer / Author: Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/ch/deed.en
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tremissis_Olybrius_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Tremissis Olybrius (obverse).jpg” by Numismatica Ars Classica NAC AG, via Wikimedia Commons / sixbid.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Switzerland.
Glycerius (AD ?-480?)
Full name: Glycerius
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 473-474
Source title: Gold Solidus of Glycerius.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Glycerius, dated AD 474. Obverse inscription: D N GLYCER-IVS P F AVG.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society (ANS)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Glycerius.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Glycerius.jpg” by American Numismatic Society (ANS), via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society collection, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Julius Nepos (AD ?-480)
Full name: Julius Nepos
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 474-480
Source title: Solidus of Julius Nepos.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Julius Nepos, struck at Mediolanum (Milan), AD 474-475. Obverse: D N IVL NE POS P F AVG; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust of Julius Nepos facing slightly right, holding a spear in his right hand over his shoulder, with a shield decorated with a horseman spearing an enemy on his left arm.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Julius_Nepos.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Julius Nepos.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / cngcoins.com, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Romulus Augustulus (AD c. 461-?)
Full name: Romulus Augustus
Reign: Western Emperor: AD 475-476
Source title: Gold Solidus of Romulus Augustulus.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Romulus Augustulus, dated between AD 475 and 476. Obverse inscription: D N ROMVLVS A-GVSTVS P F AVG.
Photographer / Author: American Numismatic Society (ANS)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Gold_Solidus_of_Romulus_Augustulus.jpg
Credit line: “Gold Solidus of Romulus Augustulus.jpg” by American Numismatic Society (ANS), via Wikimedia Commons / American Numismatic Society collection, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0 Universal. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Leonid Dynasty (AD 457-518)
Leo I (AD c. 401-474)
Full name: Flavius Leo
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 457-474
Source title: Leo I Louvre Ma1012 n2.jpg
Object Description: Bust of Byzantine Emperor Leo I, ca. AD 470. Alabaster antique head with modern marble restoration. Louvre Museum, Département des Antiquités grecques, étrusques et romaines, accession no. Ma 1012 / MR 670.
Photographer / Author: Marie-Lan Nguyen / Jastrow
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_I_Louvre_Ma1012_n2.jpg
Credit line: “Leo I Louvre Ma1012 n2.jpg” by Marie-Lan Nguyen, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Leo II (AD c. 467-474)
Full name: Flavius Leo
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 473-474
Source title: Solidus of Leo II.png
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Leo II, struck at Constantinople. Obverse: D N LEO ET Z-ENO P P AVG; pearl-diademed, helmeted, and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding spear and shield.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_II.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Leo II.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Numisbids / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Zeno (AD c. 425-491)
Full name: Flavius Zeno
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 474-475, 476-491
Source title: Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.
Photographer / Author: Apaleutos25
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Roman_emperor_Zeno.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of Roman emperor Zeno.jpg” by Apaleutos25, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Basiliscus (AD ?-476)
Full name: Flavius Basiliscus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 475-476
Source title: Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.jpg
Object Description: Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.
Photographer / Author: Apaleutos25
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_emperor_Basiliscus.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of emperor Basiliscus.jpg” by Apaleutos25, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Anastasius I (AD c. 431-518)
Full name: Flavius Anastasius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 491-518
Source title: Flavius Anastasius Probus 01c.JPG
Object Description: Detail from the ivory diptych of Flavius Anastasius Probus, left leaf. The diptych was made in Constantinople for the consulship of Flavius Anastasius Probus in AD 517, formerly in the treasury of Saint-Étienne de Bourges. Bibliothèque nationale de France, Département des Monnaies, Médailles et Antiques, Inv. 55 n° 296 bis.
Photographer / Author: Clio20
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Other licensing options are also listed on the file page.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Flavius_Anastasius_Probus_01c.JPG
Credit line: “Flavius Anastasius Probus 01c.JPG” by Clio20, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported. Cropped and resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted portrait image asset is used under CC BY-SA 3.0 Unported.
Justinian Dynasty (AD 518-602)
Justin I (AD 450-527)
Full name: Flavius Justinus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 518-527
Source title: Solidus of Justin I (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Justin I, struck at Constantinople, 2nd officina, AD 522-527. Obverse: D N IVSTINVS P P AVG; helmeted and cuirassed bust facing slightly right, holding a spear over the right shoulder and a shield decorated with a horseman motif.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Justin_I_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Justin I (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Justinian I (AD 482-565)
Full name: Flavius Petrus Sabbatius Justinianus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 527-565
Source title: Mosaic of Justinianus I - Basilica San Vitale (Ravenna).jpg
Object Description: Detail of the sixth-century mosaic depicting Emperor Justinian I in the Basilica of San Vitale, Ravenna, Italy.
Photographer / Author: Petar Milošević
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; photograph identified by the author as his own work
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 4.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Mosaic_of_Justinianus_I_-_Basilica_San_Vitale_(Ravenna).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Mosaic of Justinianus I - Basilica San Vitale (Ravenna).jpg” by Petar Milošević, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped to isolate the portrait of Justinian I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted mosaic image asset is distributed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. This licence applies to the adapted image asset and does not automatically apply to the poster’s remaining independently created content.
Justin II (AD ?-578)
Full name: Flavius Justinus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 565-578
Source title: Solidus of Justin II (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Justin II, probably one of his best preserved coins; AV solidus, Ravenna mint, dated between AD 565 and 578. Obverse inscription recorded on the source page as “DNI-VSTI-NVS PP AVG / VICTORI-A AVGGG Z”.
Photographer / Author: Artemide Aste
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally sourced from Numisbids.com
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Justin_II_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Justin II (obverse).jpg” by Artemide Aste, via Wikimedia Commons / Numisbids.com, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that the work is treated as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. This file is an extracted image derived from the larger file “Solidus of Justin II.jpg”.
Tiberius II Constantine (AD ?-582)
Full name: Flavius Tiberius Constantinus
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 578-582
Source title: Tiberios II (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Solidus of Emperor Tiberius II Constantine (r. AD 578-582), showing the obverse portrait. The file on Wikimedia Commons is an extracted image derived from a larger source file.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiberios_II_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Tiberios II (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Tiberios II.jpg”.
Maurice (AD 539-602)
Full name: Flavius Mauricius Tiberius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 582-602
Source title: Solidus of Maurice (transitional issue).png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Maurice, representing a rare transitional issue in which the emperor is identified by his less frequently used second name, Tiberius. Struck at Constantinople, 3rd officina, between 5 and 31 August AD 582. The obverse depicts a cuirassed facing bust wearing a crown with cross and pendilia, holding a globus cruciger and a shield decorated with a horseman motif.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Maurice_(transitional_issue).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Maurice (transitional issue).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The coin is a transitional issue struck shortly after Maurice’s accession, identifying him by his second name, Tiberius.
Theodosius (son of Maurice) (AD 583-602)
Full name: Flavius Theodosius
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 590-602
Source title: Solidus of Theodosius (son of Maurice).png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Theodosius, son of Maurice; AV solidus (17 mm, 4.44 gm, 6h), struck at Carthage, 1st indiction, AD 597/8. Obverse: cuirassed bust of Theodosius facing, wearing a plumed helmet with frontal jewel and pendilia, holding a globus cruciger. Reverse: angel standing facing, holding a long staff surmounted by a staurogram and a globus cruciger; CONOB in exergue. The source page describes the coin as extremely rare.
Photographer / Author: Heritage Auctions
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Heritage Auctions
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Theodosius_(son_of_Maurice).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Theodosius (son of Maurice).png” by Heritage Auctions, via Wikimedia Commons, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that the work is treated as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. The file already appears as a transparent-background PNG.
Phocas (AD 547-610)
Full name: Flavius Focas
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 602-610
Source title: Solidus of Phocas sb 621.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Phocas; AV solidus (20.5 mm, 4.44 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 10th officina, between AD 607 and 609. The obverse depicts a crowned, draped, and cuirassed facing bust of Phocas holding a globus cruciger. The reverse depicts an angel holding a globus cruciger and a staff surmounted by a staurogram.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Phocas_sb_621.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of Phocas sb 621.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The original source file presents both the obverse and reverse of the coin; only the obverse portrait is used in the poster.
Heraclian Dynasty (AD 610-695)
Heraclius (AD c. 575-641)
Full name: Ηρακλειος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 610-641
Source title: Heraclius solidus.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Heraclius, struck at Constantinople, 5th officina, AD 610-613. The obverse depicts a draped and cuirassed bust facing, wearing a plumed helmet and holding a cross. The source page records the inscription as “dN hERACLI-US PP AVG”.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Heraclius_solidus.jpg
Credit line: “Heraclius solidus.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / NumisBids, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Constantine III (AD 612-641)
Full name: Ηρακλειος νεος Κωνσταντινος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 613-641
Source title: Heraclius Constantine Obverse.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus showing Heraclius together with Heraclius Constantine; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.50 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 10th officina, AD 629-632. The obverse shows crowned and draped facing busts of Heraclius, wearing a long beard, and Heraclius Constantine, wearing a short beard, with a cross above.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Heraclius_Constantine_Obverse.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus Heraclius Constantine Obverse.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Solidus Heraclius Constantine.jpg”. Because no separate coin portrait of Constantine III is used here, the full obverse showing both Heraclius and Heraclius Constantine is retained.
Heracleonas (AD 626-641)
Full name: Ηρακλειονας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 638-641
Source title: Solidus Heraclius sb 767 (obverse).png
Object Description: Gold solidus showing Heraclius, Heraclius Constantine, and Heraklonas; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.35 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 1st officina, dated indiction year 9 (AD 635/6). The obverse shows Heraklonas, Heraclius, and Heraclius Constantine standing facing, each holding a globus cruciger, with a cross above.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Heraclius_sb_767_(obverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Heraclius sb 767 (obverse).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CoinArchives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Solidus Heraclius sb 767.png”. Although a separate extracted head image of Heraklonas exists on Wikimedia Commons, the complete obverse showing all three imperial figures is used here.
Constans II (AD 630-668)
Full name: Κωνστας ο Πωγωνατος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 641-668
Source title: Solidus Constans II (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Constans II; AV solidus (19 mm, 4.39 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 3rd officina, circa AD 651-654. The obverse depicts a crowned and draped facing bust holding a globus cruciger.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_Constans_II_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus Constans II (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Solidus Constans II.jpg”.
Constantine IV (AD 650-685)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος ο νεος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 654-685
Source title: Solidus-Constantine IV-sb1151.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Constantine IV, struck at Constantinople, circa AD 668-673. The obverse shows a helmeted and cuirassed bust three-quarters right, holding a spear over the right shoulder. The reverse shows Heraclius and Tiberius, brothers of Constantine IV, standing facing on either side of a cross potent on three steps. The source page cites Berk 168, DO 4, MIB 4B, and Sear 1151.
Photographer / Author: Unknown
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; taken from English Wikipedia, originally from Wildwinds
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait on the left side, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus-Constantine_IV-sb1151.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus-Constantine IV-sb1151.jpg,” author unknown, via Wikimedia Commons / English Wikipedia / Wildwinds, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait on the left side, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that the work is treated as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. The original file shows both obverse and reverse; only the obverse portrait is used in the poster.
Heraclius (son of Constans II) (AD ?-681)
Full name: Ηρακλειος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 659-681
Source title: Constans II and sons.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Constans II with his sons; AV solidus (19 mm, 4.40 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 4th officina, circa AD 661-663. The obverse shows facing busts of Constans II and Constantine IV. The reverse shows Heraclius and Tiberius, each holding a globus cruciger, standing facing on either side of a cross potent set upon three steps. The source page cites DOC 30d, MIB 31, and SB 964.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the reverse of the coin, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constans_II_and_sons.jpg
Credit line: “Constans II and sons.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / NumisBids, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the reverse of the coin, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The reverse side of this coin shows Heraclius and Tiberius, sons of Constans II. The Wikimedia Commons file page also notes an extracted derivative file, “Constans II and sons (reverse).jpg”.
Tiberius (son of Constans II) (AD ?-681)
Full name: Τιβεριος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 659-681
Source title: Constans II and sons.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Constans II with his sons; AV solidus (19 mm, 4.40 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 4th officina, circa AD 661-663. The obverse shows facing busts of Constans II and Constantine IV. The reverse shows Heraclius and Tiberius, each holding a globus cruciger, standing facing on either side of a cross potent set upon three steps. The source page cites DOC 30d, MIB 31, and SB 964.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the reverse of the coin, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constans_II_and_sons.jpg
Credit line: “Constans II and sons.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / NumisBids, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the reverse of the coin, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The reverse side of this coin shows Heraclius and Tiberius, sons of Constans II. The Wikimedia Commons file page also notes an extracted derivative file, “Constans II and sons (reverse).jpg”.
Justinian II (AD 668/9-711)
Full name: Ιουστινιανος ο Ρινοτμητος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 685-695, 705-711
Source title: Solidus of Justinian II, 2nd reign.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Justinian II from his second reign; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.37 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, AD 705-711. The obverse shows the facing bust of Christ Pantokrator. The reverse shows a crowned facing bust of Justinian II, wearing a beard and loros, holding a globus cruciger inscribed “PAX” and a cross potent set upon three steps. The source page cites DOC 1 var. (rev. legend), MIB 1, and SB 1413.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the reverse on the right side, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Justinian_II,_2nd_reign.jpg
Credit line: “Solidus of Justinian II, 2nd reign.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the reverse on the right side, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The original file shows both the obverse with Christ Pantokrator and the reverse with Justinian II; only the reverse portrait of Justinian II is used here. The Wikimedia Commons file page also notes an extracted derivative file, “Solidus of Justinian II, 2nd reign (reverse).jpg”.
Tiberius (son of Justinian II) (AD 705-711)
Full name: Τιβεριος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 706-711
Source title: Solidus of Justinian II and Tiberius (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Justinian II with his son Tiberius; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.44 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople during the second reign of Justinian II, AD 705-711. The obverse shows crowned facing busts of Justinian, wearing a slight beard and chlamys, and Tiberius, wearing a chlamys, with a cross potent held between them. The source page cites DOC 2b, MIB 2b, and SB 1415.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Justinian_II_and_Tiberius_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Justinian II and Tiberius (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Solidus of Justinian II and Tiberius.jpg”. The image shows both Justinian II and his son Tiberius; it is used here for the figure of Tiberius.
Twenty Years’ Anarchy (AD 695-717)
Leontius (AD ?-706)
Full name: Λεοντιος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 695-698
Source title: Solidus of Leontius.png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Leontius, struck at Constantinople, 10th officina. The obverse depicts a crowned facing bust wearing a loros and holding a mappa and globus cruciger.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leontius.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Leontius.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Tiberius III (AD ?-706)
Full name: Αψιμαρος Τιβεριος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 698-705
Source title: Tiberius III solidus-2 (cropped).png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Tiberius III; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.29 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 3rd officina, during his reign in AD 698-705. The obverse depicts a crowned and cuirassed facing bust holding a spear and a shield decorated with a soldier-on-horseback motif. The reverse shows a cross potent set upon three steps. The source page cites DOC 1 (unlisted officina), MIB 1, and SB 1360.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tiberius_III_solidus-2_(cropped).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Tiberius III solidus-2 (cropped).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this PNG was extracted from “Tiberius III solidus-2 (cropped).jpg”.
Philippicus (AD ?-713)
Full name: Βαρδανης Φιλιππικος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 711-713
Source title: Solidus of Philippicus.png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Philippicus, struck at Constantinople, 2nd officina. The obverse depicts a crowned facing bust wearing a loros and holding a globus cruciger and an eagle-tipped scepter surmounted by a cross. The reverse shows a cross potent set on three steps, with “B//CONOB”. The source page cites DOC 1b, MIB 1, and SB 1447.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Philippicus.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Philippicus.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Anastasius II (AD ?-719)
Full name: Αρτεμιος Αναστασιος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 713-715
Source title: Anastasius II sb1464 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold nomisma of Emperor Anastasius II Artemius; AV nomisma (19 mm, 4.16 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, 9th officina, AD 714. The obverse depicts a crowned and draped facing bust holding a globus cruciger and akakia. The reverse shows a cross potent set on three steps, with “ӨӨ//CONOB”. The source page cites DOC 3, MIB 3, Füeg 2.T.1, and SB 1464.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anastasius_II_sb1464_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Anastasius II sb1464 (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Anastasius II sb1464.jpg”.
Theodosius III (AD ?-754)
Full name: Θεοδοσιος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 715-717
Source title: Coin of Theodosius III.png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Theodosius III, struck at Constantinople, 8th officina. The obverse depicts a crowned facing bust wearing a short beard and loros, and holding an akakia and a globus surmounted by a patriarchal cross. The reverse shows a cross potent set on three steps, with “H//CONOB”. The source page cites DOC 1, MIB 1, Füeg 1.B.8, and SB 1487.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background colour removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coin_of_Theodosius_III.png
Credit line: “Coin of Theodosius III.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic
Isaurian Dynasty (AD 717-802)
Leo III (AD c. 685-741)
Full name: Λεων ο Ισαυρος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 717-741
Source title: Solidus of Leo III sb1504.png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Leo III, struck between AD 724 and 731. The source page identifies it simply as a solidus of Leo III; the image is a transparent-background PNG derived from a CNG / NumisBids coin photograph.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Leo_III_sb1504.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Leo III sb1504.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / NumisBids, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “Solidus of Leo III sb1504 (cropped).png”.
Constantine V (AD 718-775)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος ο Κοπρωνυμος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 720-775
Source title: Solidus of Constantine V (transparent background).png
Object Description: Gold solidus of Emperor Constantine V Copronymus, with Leo III; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.47 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, AD 745-750. The source page describes the obverse as the crowned and draped facing bust of Leo III, holding a cross potent in the right hand and an akakia in the left, and the reverse as the crowned and draped facing bust of Constantine V, holding a cross potent in the right hand and an akakia in the left. The source page cites DOC –, Füeg 3.A.1, and SB 1550.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Constantine_V_(transparent_background).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Constantine V (transparent background).png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / NumisBids, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “Solidus of Constantine V (transparent background) (cropped 4to3).png”.
Artabasdos (AD ?-743)
Full name: Αρταβασδος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 741-743
Source title: Solidus of Artabasdos.png
Object Description: Rare gold solidus of Emperor Artabasdos from his accession year, struck at Constantinople in AD 741/742. The source page describes a crowned facing bust holding a patriarchal cross, with the legend “6 APτAЧA-SDOS MЧLτ”.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Artabasdos.png
Credit line: “Solidus of Artabasdos.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Nikephoros (son of Artabasdos) (AD ?-?)
Full name: Νικηφορος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 741-743
Source title: Artabasdos-Nikephoros coin.png
Object Description: Coin of Nikephoros, son of Artabasdos, dated AD 742-743. The source page identifies the image as a Dumbarton Oaks reproduction of a public-domain work and presents the coin as a portrait coin of Nikephoros.
Photographer / Author: Dumbarton Oaks
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Dumbarton Oaks
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions. The page further describes it as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Artabasdos-Nikephoros_coin.png
Credit line: “Artabasdos-Nikephoros coin.png” by Dumbarton Oaks, via Wikimedia Commons / Dumbarton Oaks, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that the work is treated as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. It also states that the image is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Leo IV (AD 750-780)
Full name: Λεων ο Χαζαρος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 751-780
Source title: INC-3027-r Солид. Константин V Копроним. Ок. 751—755 гг. (реверс).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus of Constantine V Copronymus from the period of joint rule with Leo IV, circa AD 751-755. The image shows the bust portrait of Leo IV with a short beard, wearing a crown and loros, and holding a cross in his right hand.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3027-r_Солид._Константин_V_Копроним._Ок._751—755_гг._(реверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3027-r Солид. Константин V Копроним. Ок. 751—755 гг. (реверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “INC-3027-r Солид. Константин V Копроним. Ок. 751—755 гг. (реверс) (cropped 4to3).png”.
Constantine VI (AD 771-797)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος ο Τυφλος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 776-797
Source title: INC-3040-r Солид. Константин VI и Ирина. 793—979 гг. (реверс).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus of Constantine VI and Irene. The source page describes a beardless bust of the emperor, wearing a crown with cross and a chlamys, holding a globus in the right hand and an akakia in the left.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3040-r_Солид._Константин_VI_и_Ирина._793—979_гг._(реверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3040-r Солид. Константин VI и Ирина. 793—979 гг. (реверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “INC-3040-r Солид. Константин VI и Ирина. 793—979 гг. (реверс) (cropped 4to3).png”.
Irene (AD 750/6-803)
Full name: Ειρηνη Σαρανταπηχαινα
Reign: Eastern Empress: AD 792-802
Source title: Irene solidus sb 1599 (obverse).jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Empress Irene; AV solidus (18.5 mm, 4.38 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople during her sole reign, AD 797-802. The obverse depicts a crowned facing bust of Irene wearing a loros, holding a globus cruciger in her right hand and a cruciform sceptre in her left. The source page cites DOC 1c, Füeg 2.A, and SB 1599.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Irene_solidus_sb_1599_(obverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Irene solidus sb 1599 (obverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CoinArchives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this obverse image was extracted from the larger file “Irene solidus sb 1599.jpg”.
Nikephorian Dynasty (AD 802-813)
Nikephoros I (AD 750-811)
Full name: Νικηφορος ο Λογοθετης
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 802-811
Source title: INC-1870-a Солид. Никифор I и его сын Ставракий. Ок. 803—811 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Obverse of a gold solidus of Nikephoros I and his son Staurakios, dated circa AD 803-811. The source page describes a facing bust of Nikephoros I wearing a crown with cross and holding a cross and an akakia.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-1870-a_Солид._Никифор_I_и_его_сын_Ставракий._Ок._803—811_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-1870-a Солид. Никифор I и его сын Ставракий. Ок. 803—811 гг. (аверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “INC-1870-a Солид. Никифор I и его сын Ставракий. Ок. 803—811 гг. (аверс) (cropped 4to3).png”.
Staurakios (AD ?-812)
Full name: Σταυρακιος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 803-811
Source title: INC-1546-r Солид Никифор I и Ставракий ок. 803-811 гг. (аверс).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus of Nikephoros I and his son Staurakios, struck at Constantinople, circa AD 803-811. The image depicts a beardless facing bust of Staurakios wearing a crown surmounted by a cross and holding a globus cruciger and an akakia. The source page records the inscription as “STAVRACIS dЄ SPO’Є”.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-1546-r_Солид_Никифор_I_и_Ставракий_ок._803-811_гг._(аверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-1546-r Солид Никифор I и Ставракий ок. 803-811 гг. (аверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Although the source filename ends with “аверс” (“obverse”), the Wikimedia Commons description identifies the depicted side as the reverse of the coin and the figure as Staurakios.
Michael I (AD c. 770-844)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Ραγκαβες
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 811-813
Source title: Michael I.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Michael I Rhangabe with Theophylact; 4.40 g. The obverse depicts a bearded facing bust of Michael I, wearing a chlamys and crown with cross, and holding a cross potent in his right hand and an akakia in his left; a pellet appears to the left. The reverse shows Theophylact, beardless and facing, wearing a loros and crown with cross, and holding a globus cruciger in his right hand and a cross-tipped sceptre in his left. The source page cites DOC 1b and SB 1615.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_I.jpg
Credit line: “Michael I.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted and cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Michael I and Theophylact.jpg” and digitally altered by cropping before upload.
Theophylact (AD c. 793-849)
Full name: Θεοφυλακτος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 811-813
Source title: Theophylact (811-813).png
Object Description: Portrait coin image of Theophylact, son of Michael I, dated between AD 811 and 813. The source page identifies the image simply as “Theophylact, son of Michael I.”
Photographer / Author: Dumbarton Oaks
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Dumbarton Oaks
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions. The page further describes it as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theophylact_(811-813).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Theophylact (811-813).png” by Dumbarton Oaks, via Wikimedia Commons / Dumbarton Oaks, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that the work is treated as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. It also states that the image is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Leo V (AD c. 775-820)
Full name: Λεων ο Αρμενιος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 813-820
Source title: Leo V solidus.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Leo V the Armenian with Constantine; AV solidus (21 mm, 4.47 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, AD 813-820. The obverse shows a crowned facing bust of Leo V, holding a cross potent and an akakia. The reverse shows a crowned facing bust of Constantine, holding a globus cruciger and an akakia. The source page cites DOC 2a and SB 1627.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait of Leo V, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_V_solidus.jpg
Credit line: “Leo V solidus.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the obverse portrait of Leo V, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The original file shows both Leo V and Constantine; only the obverse portrait of Leo V is used here.
Constantine (son of Leo V) (AD ?-?)
Full name: Συμβατιος Κωνσταντινος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 813-820
Source title: Leo V solidus.jpg
Object Description: Gold solidus of Leo V the Armenian with Constantine; AV solidus (21 mm, 4.47 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, AD 813-820. The obverse shows a crowned facing bust of Leo V, holding a cross potent and an akakia. The reverse shows a crowned facing bust of Constantine, holding a globus cruciger and an akakia. The source page cites DOC 2a and SB 1627.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the reverse portrait of Constantine, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_V_solidus.jpg
Credit line: “Leo V solidus.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the reverse portrait of Constantine, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The original file shows both Leo V and Constantine; only the reverse portrait of Constantine is used here.
Amorian Dynasty (AD 820-867)
Michael II (AD 770-829)
Full name: Μιχαηλ ο εξ Αμοριου
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 820-829
Source title: Michael II in the Madrid Skylitzes.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript miniature depicting Emperor Michael II, who reigned from AD 820 to 829. The image is taken from folio 34 of the Madrid Skylitzes, an illustrated manuscript produced by an unknown artist in the eleventh or twelfth century.
Photographer / Author: Unknown, 11th or 12th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 34, digitised by the Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_II_in_the_Madrid_Skylitzes.jpg
Credit line: “Michael II in the Madrid Skylitzes.jpg,” by an unknown eleventh- or twelfth-century artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 34, via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies the work as public domain and includes the Public Domain Mark 1.0. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Theophilos (AD c. 812-842)
Full name: Θεοφιλος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 821-842
Source title: Theophilos (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript depiction of Emperor Theophilos, extracted from an illustration in the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 42, produced in the eleventh or twelfth century. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the depicted figure as Emperor Theophilos and attributes the source work to John Skylitzes.
Photographer / Author: John Skylitzes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; extracted from “Emperor Theophilos Chronicle of John Skylitzes.jpg,” originally from the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 42
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theophilos_(cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Theophilos (cropped).jpg,” attributed to John Skylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons, extracted from an illustration in the Madrid Skylitzes, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped and resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted manuscript image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The source file was itself extracted from the larger image “Emperor Theophilos Chronicle of John Skylitzes.jpg”; only additional cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Theodora (AD c. 815-c. 867)
Full name: Θεοδωρα
Reign: Eastern Regent: AD 842-856
Source title: Theodora in the Madrid Skylitzes2.png
Object Description: Twelfth-century manuscript depiction of Theodora, wife of Emperor Theophilos, from folio 51 of the Madrid Skylitzes. The source page attributes the miniature to an unknown Byzantine artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 51, Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodora_in_the_Madrid_Skylitzes2.png
Credit line: “Theodora in the Madrid Skylitzes2.png,” by an unknown twelfth-century Byzantine artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, folio 51, via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: Theodora is included in the chart in her capacity as regent rather than as a separately reigning crowned empress. The Wikimedia Commons page treats the manuscript image as public domain.
Constantine (son of Theophilos) (AD ?-?)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 830s
Source title: Solidus of Theophilos sb1653 (reverse).jpg
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus of Theophilos, with Constantine and Michael II; AV solidus (21 mm, 4.18 g, 5h), struck at Constantinople between AD 830/1 and 840. The obverse of the original coin shows Theophilos. The reverse, used here, shows crowned facing busts of Michael and Constantine, each wearing a chlamys, with a cross above. The source page cites DOC 3d, Füeg 3.H.1.y, and SB 1653.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Coin Archives
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Solidus_of_Theophilos_sb1653_(reverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Solidus of Theophilos sb1653 (reverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Solidus of Theophilos sb1653.jpg”. The reverse shows both Michael and Constantine; the image is used here for Constantine, son of Theophilos.
Michael III (AD 840-867)
Full name: Μιχαηλ ο Μεθυσος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 840-867
Source title: Michael iii.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript miniature depicting Michael III, emperor of the Eastern Roman Empire. The uncropped source is dated to the eleventh or twelfth century and attributed to an unknown artist. The Wikimedia Commons record does not identify the specific manuscript from which the image originated.
Photographer / Author: Unknown, 11th or 12th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; transferred from English Wikipedia, where it was originally uploaded by DavidLevinson
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_iii.jpg
Credit line: “Michael iii.jpg,” by an unknown eleventh- or twelfth-century artist, via Wikimedia Commons / English Wikipedia. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file is itself a cropped version of an earlier square image. Only additional cropping was applied for the chart; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Thekla (doughter of Theophilos) (AD ?-?)
Full name: Θεκλα
Reign: Eastern Empress: AD 842-856
Source title: Byzanz- Michael III., Theodora und Thecla - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5480493 (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Cropped image of a Byzantine gold coin of Michael III, Theodora, and Thekla, dated AD 842-843?. The preserved side used here shows draped facing busts of Michael III and Thekla. Michael III, at left, wears a crown and holds a globus with cross; Thekla, at right, wears a crown and loros and holds a patriarchal cross. The source page notes that the reverse of the original coin shows Theodora. The object is in the Münzkabinett Berlin, accession number 2356594.
Photographer / Author: Reinhard Saczewski
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Onlinesammlung der Staatlichen Museen zu Berlin / Münzkabinett Berlin
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The object itself is marked public domain, and the photographic file is also made available on Wikimedia Commons under the Public Domain Mark 1.0.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Byzanz- Michael III., Theodora und Thecla - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5480493 (cropped).jpg” by Reinhard Saczewski, via Wikimedia Commons / Staatliche Museen zu Berlin / Münzkabinett Berlin, marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image was extracted from the larger file “Byzanz- Michael III., Theodora und Thecla - Münzkabinett, Berlin - 5480493.jpg”. The cropped file preserves the side showing Michael III and Thekla, and is used here for the figure of Thekla.
Macedonian Dynasty (AD 867-1056)
BasiI I (AD 811-886)
Full name: Βασιλειος ο Μακεδων
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 866-886
Source title: Basil I in the Madrid Skylitzes.jpg
Object Description: Twelfth-century manuscript depiction of Emperor Basil I, who ruled the Eastern Roman Empire from AD 867 to 886. The image is taken from the Madrid Skylitzes and is attributed to an unknown artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown, 11th or 12th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes, digitised by the Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basil_I_in_the_Madrid_Skylitzes.jpg
Credit line: “Basil I in the Madrid Skylitzes.jpg,” by an unknown twelfth-century artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies the manuscript image as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Constantine (son of Basil I) (AD c. 865-879)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 868-879
Source title: INC-3051-r Солид. Василий I. Ок. 867—886 гг. (реверс).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus showing Emperor Basil I on the left and his son Constantine on the right. The two busts jointly hold a patriarchal cross. The source page identifies Basil I as bearded and wearing a loros, and Constantine as beardless and wearing a chlamys.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3051-r_Солид._Василий_I._Ок._867—886_гг._(реверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3051-r Солид. Василий I. Ок. 867—886 гг. (реверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons page also notes that the file is a faithful photographic reproduction of a public-domain two-dimensional work and carries the Public Domain Mark 1.0 in addition to the CC BY-SA 4.0 notice.
Leo VI (AD 866-912)
Full name: Λεων ο Σοφος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 870-912
Source title: Samonas incites Emperor Leo against Andronikos Doukas.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing the eunuch chamberlain Samonas, the parakoimomenos, being brought before Emperor Leo VI for questioning following his failed attempt to escape to the Arabs. The image comes from the illustrated History of John Skylitzes, also known as the Madrid Skylitzes or Skylitzes Matritensis.
Photographer / Author: Unknown medieval artist, identified on Wikimedia Commons as a 13th-century author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skylitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Samonas_incites_Emperor_Leo_against_Andronikos_Doukas.jpg
Credit line: “Samonas incites Emperor Leo against Andronikos Doukas.jpg,” by an unknown medieval artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Leo VI for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript image as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied. The scene description follows the Commons summary rather than the wording of the filename.
Alexander (AD 870-913)
Full name: Αλεξανδρος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 879-913
Source title: Emperor Alexander receives the Bulgarian envoys.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing Emperor Alexander receiving envoys from the Bulgarian ruler Symeon. The image comes from the History of John Skylitzes, also known as the Madrid Skylitzes or Skylitzes Matritensis.
Photographer / Author: Unknown medieval artist, identified on Wikimedia Commons as a 13th-century author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skylitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Emperor_Alexander_receives_the_Bulgarian_envoys.jpg
Credit line: “Emperor Alexander receives the Bulgarian envoys.jpg,” by an unknown medieval artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Alexander for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript illustration as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Constantine VII (AD 905-959)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος Πορφυρογεννητος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 908-959
Source title: Constantine VII recalls his mother from exile.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing Emperor Constantine VII recalling his mother, Zoe Karbonopsina, from exile. The image comes from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes / Skyllitzes Matritensis) and is attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown thirteenth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 13th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_VII_recalls_his_mother_from_exile.jpg
Credit line: “Constantine VII recalls his mother from exile.jpg,” by an unknown thirteenth-century artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Constantine VII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript illustration as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Romanos I (AD 870-948)
Full name: Ρωμανος Λακαπηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 920-944
Source title: Leo Phokas' supporters surrender to Romanos Lekapenos.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing the supporters of Leo Phokas the Elder abandoning him and seeking clemency from Emperor Romanos I Lekapenos. The image comes from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes / Skyllitzes Matritensis) and is attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown thirteenth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 13th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Leo_Phokas'_supporters_surrender_to_Romanos_Lekapenos.jpg
Credit line: “Leo Phokas' supporters surrender to Romanos Lekapenos.jpg,” by an unknown thirteenth-century artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Romanos I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript illustration as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Christopher (AD ?-931)
Full name: Χριστοφορος Λακαπηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 921-931
Source title: Romanos I & Christopher (reverse).jpg
Object Description: Reverse of a gold solidus of Constantine VII Porphyrogenitus, with Romanos I and Christopher; AV solidus (20 mm, 4.19 g, 6h), struck at Constantinople, AD 921-931. The obverse of the original coin shows Christ Pantokrator enthroned facing. The reverse, used here, shows crowned facing busts of Romanos I, wearing a loros, and Christopher, wearing a chlamys, holding a patriarchal cross between them. The source page cites DOC 7, cf. Füeg 7.C4, and SB 1745.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; sourced from Coin Archives, originally from CNG
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Romanos_I_%26_Christopher_(reverse).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Romanos I & Christopher (reverse).jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / Coin Archives, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already extracted on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Romanos I & Christopher.jpg”. The reverse shows both Romanos I and Christopher; the image is used here for Christopher Lekapenos.
Romanos II (AD 938-963)
Full name: Ρωμανος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 945-963
Source title: Ioannikios betrays to Romanos II a plot to murder him.png
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing a servant named Ioannikios revealing to Emperor Romanos II a plot to murder him. The image comes from the History of John Skylitzes, also known as the Madrid Skylitzes or Skyllitzes Matritensis, and is attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown thirteenth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 13th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Ioannikios_betrays_to_Romanos_II_a_plot_to_murder_him.png
Credit line: “Ioannikios betrays to Romanos II a plot to murder him.png,” by an unknown thirteenth-century artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Romanos II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript illustration as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Nikephoros II (AD c. 912-969)
Full name: Νικηφορος Φωκας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 963-969
Source title: MadridSkylitzesEnvoysOfTarsosFol151v.jpg
Object Description: Detail from folio 151v of the Madrid Skylitzes, showing a manuscript scene associated with Emperor Nikephoros II and envoys from Tarsos. Wikimedia Commons dates the image broadly to the eleventh through thirteenth centuries and attributes it to an unknown medieval artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown medieval artist, 11th–13th centuries
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:MadridSkylitzesEnvoysOfTarsosFol151v.jpg
Credit line: “MadridSkylitzesEnvoysOfTarsosFol151v.jpg,” by an unknown medieval artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Nikephoros II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Commons record identifies the image only as a detail from folio 151v and gives the broad date range of the eleventh through thirteenth centuries. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
John I (AD 925-976)
Full name: Ιωαννης ο Τζιμισκης
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 969-976
Source title: John I in Madrid Skylitzes.jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript depiction of Emperor John I Tzimiskes from the Madrid Skylitzes. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the subject as John I but provides no further description of the illustrated scene or manuscript folio.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis)
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_I_in_Madrid_Skylitzes.jpg
Credit line: “John I in Madrid Skylitzes.jpg,” by an unknown artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate John I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Commons record does not provide a manuscript date, folio number, or fuller description of the scene. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Basil II (AD 958-1025)
Full name: Βασιλειος ο Βουλγαροκτονος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 960-1025
Source title: Basil II & Constantine VIII in the Exultet roll.jpg
Object Description: Medieval illustration from the Bari Exultet roll showing Emperors Basil II on the left and Constantine VIII on the right. The Wikimedia Commons description notes that the identification of the figures as actual portraits has been questioned by some scholars but accepted by others. The work is dated between AD 1000 and 1025 and attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown twelfth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown 12th-century artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from The History of Byzantium, reproducing the Bari Exultet roll
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basil_II_%26_Constantine_VIII_in_the_Exultet_roll.jpg
Credit line: “Basil II & Constantine VIII in the Exultet roll.jpg,” by an unknown twelfth-century artist, from the Bari Exultet roll, via Wikimedia Commons / The History of Byzantium. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Basil II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as public domain and notes that extracted files for the individual figures also exist. Only cropping and resizing were applied.
Constantine VIII (AD 960-1028)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 962-1028
Source title: Basil II & Constantine VIII in the Exultet roll.jpg
Object Description: Medieval illustration from the Bari Exultet roll showing Emperors Basil II on the left and Constantine VIII on the right. The Wikimedia Commons description notes that the identification of the figures as actual portraits has been questioned by some scholars but accepted by others. The work is dated between AD 1000 and 1025 and attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown twelfth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown 12th-century artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from The History of Byzantium, reproducing the Bari Exultet roll
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Basil_II_%26_Constantine_VIII_in_the_Exultet_roll.jpg
Credit line: “Basil II & Constantine VIII in the Exultet roll.jpg,” by an unknown twelfth-century artist, from the Bari Exultet roll, via Wikimedia Commons / The History of Byzantium. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Constantine VIII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as public domain and notes that extracted files for the individual figures also exist. Only cropping and resizing were applied.
Romanos III (AD 968-1034)
Full name: Ρωμανος Αργυρος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1028-1034
Source title: Romanos III in Madrid Skylitzes.png
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing Arab captives, taken after the victory of Nikephoros Karantenos over an Arab fleet, being brought before Emperor Romanos III Argyros. The image comes from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes / Skyllitzes Matritensis) and is attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown thirteenth-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 13th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the History of John Skylitzes (Skyllitzes Matritensis), Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Romanos_III_in_Madrid_Skylitzes.png
Credit line: “Romanos III in Madrid Skylitzes.png,” by an unknown thirteenth-century artist, from the History of John Skylitzes (Madrid Skylitzes), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Romanos III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Arab captives are brought before Emperor Romanos III.png”. The manuscript illustration is treated there as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Michael IV (AD c. 1010-1041)
Full name: Μιχαηλ ο Παφλαγων
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1034-1041
Source title: Michael IV the Paphlagonian (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript depiction of Emperor Michael IV the Paphlagonian from the Scylitzes chronicle, folio 217v. The Wikimedia Commons page dates the image to the twelfth century and attributes it to an anonymous author.
Photographer / Author: Anonymous artist, 12th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Scylitzes chronicle, sourced via Glow Images
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_IV_the_Paphlagonian_(cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Michael IV the Paphlagonian (cropped).jpg,” by an anonymous twelfth-century artist, from the Scylitzes chronicle, folio 217v, via Wikimedia Commons / Glow Images. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Michael IV for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file was extracted from the larger file “Michael IV the Paphlagonian.jpg”. The manuscript image is treated there as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Michael V (AD c. 1015-?)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Καλαφατης
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1041-1042
Source title: Michael V (Fol. 219v bottom).jpg
Object Description: Medieval manuscript illustration showing Emperor Michael V alongside Theodora Porphyrogenita. The image comes from the Madrid Skylitzes and is attributed on Wikimedia Commons to an unknown artist of the eleventh or twelfth century.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 11th or 12th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Madrid Skylitzes, Biblioteca Nacional de España
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_V_(Fol._219v_bottom).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Michael V (Fol. 219v bottom).jpg,” by an unknown eleventh- or twelfth-century artist, from the Madrid Skylitzes, via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Nacional de España. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Michael V for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the manuscript illustration as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Zoe (AD c. 978-1050)
Full name: Ζωη Πορφυρογεννητη
Reign: Eastern Empress: AD 1042-1050
Source title: Empress Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg
Object Description: Photograph of the eleventh-century Empress Zoe mosaic in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Christ Pantokrator is seated at the centre, with Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos and Empress Zoe standing on either side.
Photographer / Author: Myrabella
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; photograph taken in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying eleventh-century mosaic is also identified on Wikimedia Commons as a public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empress_Zoe_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg
Credit line: “Empress Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg,” photographed by Myrabella, via Wikimedia Commons, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Cropped to isolate Zoe for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source photograph had already undergone perspective correction before being uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The chart adaptation involved only cropping and resizing. The underlying eleventh-century mosaic is identified as free of known copyright restrictions.
Theodora (AD c. 980-1056)
Full name: Οειδωρα Πορφυρογεννητη
Reign: Eastern Empress: AD 1042-1056
Source title: Theodora Porphyrogenita in the Monomachus Crown (2).jpg
Object Description: Detail of Theodora Porphyrogenita in the Monomachus Crown, dated AD 1042. The image shows the empress in loros dress as represented on the crown.
Photographer / Author: Unspecified modern photographer; listed on Wikimedia Commons as “Own work”
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; photograph of the Monomachus Crown
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodora_Porphyrogenita_in_the_Monomachus_Crown_(2).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Theodora Porphyrogenita in the Monomachus Crown (2).jpg,” photographer unspecified, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Theodora for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image is a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. It also notes that an extracted derivative file, “Theodora Porphyrogenita crown-2.jpg”, exists, and that perspective distortions were cleaned on the Commons version before reuse.
Constantine IX (AD c. 1000-1055)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος Μονομαχος
Reign: Eastern Empress: AD 1042-1055
Source title: Empress Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg
Object Description: Photograph of the eleventh-century Empress Zoe mosaic in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul. Christ Pantokrator is seated at the centre, with Emperor Constantine IX Monomachos and Empress Zoe standing on either side.
Photographer / Author: Myrabella
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; photograph taken in Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The underlying eleventh-century mosaic is also identified on Wikimedia Commons as a public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Empress_Zoe_mosaic_Hagia_Sophia.jpg
Credit line: “Empress Zoe mosaic Hagia Sophia.jpg,” photographed by Myrabella, via Wikimedia Commons, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Cropped to isolate Constantine IX for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source photograph had already undergone perspective correction before being uploaded to Wikimedia Commons. The chart adaptation involved only cropping and resizing. The underlying eleventh-century mosaic is identified as free of known copyright restrictions.
Michael VI (AD ?-?)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Βριγγας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1056-1057
Source title: Tetarteron of Michael VI (reverse).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold tetarteron depicting Emperor Michael VI in a half-length frontal representation. He wears a crown with a cross and pendilia and a loros, and holds a labarum in his right hand. His hair curls outward at the temples; the portrait is surrounded by a circular inscription and a dotted border. The object is dated to AD 1057.
Photographer / Author: Dumbarton Oaks
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; photograph from the Dumbarton Oaks collection
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is described as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Tetarteron_of_Michael_VI_(reverse).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Tetarteron of Michael VI (reverse).png,” photographed by Dumbarton Oaks, via Wikimedia Commons, marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG; resized for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons page also lists an extracted derivative, “Tetarteron of Michael VI (reverse) (cropped).png”. The present source image is used for the portrait of Michael VI.
Isaac I (AD c. 1005-1061)
Full name: Ισαακιος Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1057-1059
Source title: INC-3060-r Номисма тетартерон. Исаак I Комнин. Ок. 1057—1059 гг. (реверс).png
Object Description: Reverse of a gold tetarteron of Isaac I Komnenos, circa AD 1057-1059. The image shows a full-length frontal figure of Isaac I, wearing a crown and armour, holding a globus surmounted by a cross in his right hand and resting his left hand on a sword.
Photographer / Author: АНО "Международный нумизматический клуб" (International Numismatic Club)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from International Numismatic Club
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: No background removal required; source file already provided as a transparent-background PNG. Resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:INC-3060-r_Номисма_тетартерон._Исаак_I_Комнин._Ок._1057—1059_гг._(реверс).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “INC-3060-r Номисма тетартерон. Исаак I Комнин. Ок. 1057—1059 гг. (реверс).png” by International Numismatic Club, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page also states that the work was provided through a cooperation project with Wikimedia Russia and that a VRT permission record exists for the file.
Doukas Dynasty (AD 1059-1078)
Constantine X (AD c. 1006-1067)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος Δουκας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1059-1067
Source title: Constantine X full portrait.jpg
Object Description: Full-figure manuscript depiction of Emperor Constantine X in the Barberini Psalter (Barb. gr. 372). The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the source manuscript as Barb. gr. 372 and attributes the work to an unknown eleventh-century artist.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist, 11th century
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Barb. gr. 372 (Barberini Psalter), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
Licence / Status: Image made available under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_X_full_portrait.jpg
Credit line: “Constantine X full portrait.jpg,” by an unknown eleventh-century artist, from the Barberini Psalter (Barb. gr. 372), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Cropped to isolate Constantine X for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image derives from Barb. gr. 372 and that the uploaded file itself is released under CC0 1.0. The Commons file history also notes that the file was already cropped on Wikimedia Commons before reuse.
Eudokia (AD c. 1030-1096)
Full name: Ευδοκια Μακρεμβολιτισσα
Reign: Eastern Regent: AD 1067, 1071
Source title: Eudokia Makrembolitissa portrait (2).jpg
Object Description: Portrait of Eudokia Makrembolitissa in Barb. gr. 372, created circa AD 1060 and later restored. The Wikimedia Commons page states that the identification of the figure as Eudokia follows Spatharakis (1976), The Portrait in Byzantine Illuminated Manuscripts, p. 34.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Barb. gr. 372 (Barberini Psalter), Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Eudokia_Makrembolitissa_portrait_(2).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Eudokia Makrembolitissa portrait (2).jpg,” by an unknown Byzantine artist, from the Barberini Psalter (Barb. gr. 372), via Wikimedia Commons / Biblioteca Apostolica Vaticana. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Eudokia Makrembolitissa for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. Eudokia is included in the chart in her capacity as regent.
Romanos IV (AD c. 1030-1072)
Full name: Ρωμανος Διογενης
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1068-1071
Source title: Romanus IV coin crop.png
Object Description: Silver 1/3 miliaresion of Romanos IV Diogenes, struck at Constantinople; 13 mm, 0.44 g, 6h. The obverse shows a half-length bust of the Theotokos facing and in orans pose, with “M/ΘK-Θ/ΡΘ” across the field. The reverse shows a half-length bust of Romanos IV facing, wearing a crown and loros, and holding a patriarchal cross and globus cruciger, with “PωM’” at right.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Romanus_IV_coin_crop.png
Credit line: “Romanus IV coin crop.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file is an extracted image and notes a further derivative file, “Romanus IV coin crop (cropped).png”.
Michael VII (AD c. 1050-1090)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Δουκας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1060-1078
Source title: Michael VII and Maria in the Khakhuli triptych (cropped).jpg
Object Description: Cropped detail from the Khakhuli triptych showing Michael VII Doukas and Maria of Alania being crowned by Christ. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the work as a Byzantine image of Michael VII and Maria, with Christ above them.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from Atinati, extracted from the larger file “Michael VII and Maria in the Khakhuli triptych.jpg”
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_VII_and_Maria_in_the_Khakhuli_triptych_(cropped).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Michael VII and Maria in the Khakhuli triptych (cropped).jpg,” by an unknown Byzantine artist, from the Khakhuli triptych, via Wikimedia Commons / Atinati. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Michael VII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image was extracted from the larger file “Michael VII and Maria in the Khakhuli triptych.jpg”. The manuscript image is treated there as public domain. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Constantine (son of Michael VII) (AD c. 1074-1094)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος Δουκας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1074-1078, 1081-1087
Source title: Constantine Doukas (co-emperor) on the Holy Crown.jpg
Object Description: Eleventh-century image identified on Wikimedia Commons as Constantine Doukas, son of Michael VII, on the Holy Crown of Hungary. The original artist is unknown.
Photographer / Author: Unknown eleventh-century artist; image scanned by Szilas
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; scanned from A magyar Szent Korona by Endre Tóth and Károly Szelényi, Kossuth, Budapest, 2000
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Constantine_Doukas_(co-emperor)_on_the_Holy_Crown.jpg
_on_the_Holy_Crown.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Constantine Doukas (co-emperor) on the Holy Crown.jpg,” by an unknown eleventh-century artist, scanned by Szilas from A magyar Szent Korona by Endre Tóth and Károly Szelényi, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Constantine Doukas for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a public-domain work. Only cropping and resizing were applied; the image content was not otherwise altered.
Nikephoros III (AD 1002-1081)
Full name: Νικηφορος Βοτανειατης
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1078-1081
Source title: Meister der Predigtsammlung des Heiligen Johannes Chrysostomus 001.jpg
Object Description: Byzantine manuscript illumination showing Saint John Chrysostom and Emperor Nikephoros III Botaneiates. The work is dated to AD 1078–1081, executed on parchment, and associated with a Byzantine workshop, probably that of a court artist working for Nikephoros III.
Photographer / Author: Master of the Homilies of Saint John Chrysostom; reproduction supplied by The Yorck Project
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; The Yorck Project, from an illuminated manuscript in the Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Licence / Status: The work of art and its reproduction are identified on Wikimedia Commons as being in the public domain worldwide. The Yorck Project’s compilation of reproductions is separately licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Meister_der_Predigtsammlung_des_Heiligen_Johannes_Chrysostomus_001.jpg
Credit line: “Meister der Predigtsammlung des Heiligen Johannes Chrysostomus 001.jpg,” attributed to the Master of the Homilies of Saint John Chrysostom, reproduction from The Yorck Project, via Wikimedia Commons / Bibliothèque nationale de France. The artwork and its reproduction are identified on Wikimedia Commons as public domain worldwide. Cropped to isolate Nikephoros III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: Wikimedia Commons lists several extracted and cropped derivatives of this image, including “Nikephoros III.jpg”. The chart adaptation uses the linked source file and applies only cropping and resizing.
Komnenos Dynasty (AD 1081-1185)
Alexios I (AD c. 1057-1118)
Full name: Αλεξιος Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1081-1118
Source title: Alexios I Komnenos.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of the Byzantine Emperor Alexios I Komnenos. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the image simply as a portrait of Alexios I Komnenos (r. 1081-1118).
Photographer / Author: Unknown original artist; derivative work prepared by Cplakidas
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; derived from “Alexios1komnenos.jpg”
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexios_I_Komnenos.jpg
Credit line: “Alexios I Komnenos.jpg,” by an unknown original artist, derivative work by Cplakidas, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Alexios I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this is a digitally altered derivative of “Alexios1komnenos.jpg”, modified as a detail by Cplakidas. It also notes an extracted derivative file, “Alexios I Komnenos (cropped).jpg”.
John II (AD 1087-1143)
Full name: Ιωαννης Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1092-1143
Source title: Jean II Comnene.jpg
Object Description: Detail of the Komnenos mosaic in Hagia Sophia, depicting Emperor John II Komnenos. The mosaic is dated to circa AD 1118 and attributed to an unknow
Photographer / Author: Unknown original mosaic artist; photographed and prepared by Myrabella
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; extracted from “Comnenus mosaics Hagia Sophia.jpg,” photographed by Myrabella at Hagia Sophia, Istanbul
Licence / Status: CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication for the digital reproduction. The underlying mosaic is identified on Wikimedia Commons as a public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Jean_II_Comnene.jpg
Credit line: “Jean II Comnene.jpg,” mosaic by an unknown artist, photographed and prepared by Myrabella, via Wikimedia Commons / Hagia Sophia, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Cropped to isolate John II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons source file was already extracted from a larger photograph of the Komnenos mosaics and had undergone cropping and a small levels adjustment by Myrabella. The chart adaptation involved only further cropping and resizing.
Alexios (son of John II) (AD 1106-1142)
Full name: Αλεξιος Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1119-1142
Source title: Byzantinischer Mosaizist um 1122 001.jpg
Object Description: Mosaic portrait of the co-Emperor Alexios, eldest son of John II, in Hagia Sophia, Constantinople, circa AD 1122.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine mosaic artist; reproduction supplied by The Yorck Project
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Hagia Sophia, reproduced by The Yorck Project (2002), “10.000 Meisterwerke der Malerei” (DVD-ROM), distributed by DIRECTMEDIA Publishing GmbH
Licence / Status: The work of art depicted in this image and the reproduction thereof are identified on Wikimedia Commons as being in the public domain worldwide. The reproduction forms part of a compilation by The Yorck Project, whose compilation copyright is licensed under the GNU Free Documentation License.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Byzantinischer_Mosaizist_um_1122_001.jpg
Credit line: “Byzantinischer Mosaizist um 1122 001.jpg,” by an unknown Byzantine mosaic artist, from Hagia Sophia, via Wikimedia Commons / The Yorck Project. The artwork and its reproduction are identified on Wikimedia Commons as public domain worldwide. Cropped to isolate Alexios for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies the figure as the co-Emperor Alexios, eldest son of John II, and dates the mosaic to circa AD 1122. Wikimedia Commons also lists extracted derivative files such as “Alexios Komnenos.jpg” and “Alexios Komnenos (son of John II).jpg”.
Manuel I (AD 1118-1180)
Full name: Μανουηλ Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1143-1180
Source title: Manuel I Comnenus.jpg
Object Description: Manuscript miniature of Emperor Manuel I, dating to the twelfth century. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies it as part of a double portrait with Maria of Antioch in the Vatican Library, Rome.
Photographer / Author: Unknown medieval artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; part of a double portrait with Maria of Antioch, Vatican Library, Rome
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuel_I_Comnenus.jpg
Credit line: “Manuel I Comnenus.jpg,” by an unknown medieval artist, from a double portrait with Maria of Antioch in the Vatican Library, Rome, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Manuel I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. It also notes an extracted derivative file, “Manuel I Comnenus (cropped).jpg”. Only cropping and resizing were applied.
Alexios II (AD 1169-1183)
Full name: Αλεξιος Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1171-1183
Source title: Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page containing portraits of John II Komnenos, Manuel I Komnenos, Alexios II Komnenos, Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_1_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Alexios II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing six imperial portraits. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios II.
Andronikos I (AD c. 1118-1185)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Κομνηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1183-1185
Source title: Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page containing portraits of John II Komnenos, Manuel I Komnenos, Alexios II Komnenos, Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_1_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Andronikos I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing six imperial portraits. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos I.
Angelos Dynasty (AD 1185-1204)
Isaac II (AD 1156-1204)
Full name: Ισαακιος Κομνηνος Αγγελος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1185-1195, 1203-1204
Source title: Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page containing portraits of John II Komnenos, Manuel I Komnenos, Alexios II Komnenos, Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_1_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Isaac II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing six imperial portraits. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Isaac II.
Alexios III (AD c. 1153-1211)
Full name: Αλεξιος Αγγελος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1195-1203
Source title: Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page containing portraits of John II Komnenos, Manuel I Komnenos, Alexios II Komnenos, Andronikos I Komnenos, Isaac II Angelos and Alexios III Angelos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_1_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 1 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 293v of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Alexios III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing six imperial portraits. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios III.
Alexios IV (AD c. 1182-1204)
Full name: Αλεξιος Αγγελος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1203-1204
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios IV Angelos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Alexios IV for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios IV.
Alexios V (AD c. 1140-1204)
Full name: Αλεξιος Δουκας
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1204
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios V Doukas.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Alexios V for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Alexios V Doukas.
Laskaris Dynasty in Nicaea (AD 1205-1261)
Theodore I (AD c. 1175-1221)
Full name: Θεοδωρος Κομνηνος Λασκαρις
Reign: Emperor in Nicaea: AD 1205-1221
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Theodore I Laskaris.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Theodore I for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Theodore I Laskaris.
John III (AD c. 1192-1254)
Full name: Ιωαννης Δουκας Βατατζης
Reign: Emperor in Nicaea: AD 1221-1254
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John III Vatatzes.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate John III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John III Vatatzes.
Theodore II (AD 1221/2-1258)
Full name: Θεοδωρος Δουκας Λασκαρις
Reign: Emperor in Nicaea: AD 1235-1258
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Theodore II Laskaris.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Theodore II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Theodore II Laskaris.
John IV (AD 1250-c. 1305)
Full name: Ιωαννης Δουκας Λασκαρις
Reign: Emperor in Nicaea: AD 1258-1261
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John IV Laskaris.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate John IV for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John IV Laskaris.
Palaiologos Dynasty (AD 1261-1453)
Michael VIII (AD 1224-1282)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Δουκας Αγγελος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1259-1282
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Michael VIII Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Michael VIII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Michael VIII Palaiologos.
Andronikos II (AD 1259-1332)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Δουκας Αγγελος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1265-1328
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos II Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Andronikos II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos II Palaiologos.
Michael IX (AD 1277-1320)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Δουκας Αγγελος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1281-1320
Source title: Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: Folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, a fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page featuring portraits of emperors from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Michael IX Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_2_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 2 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from folio 294r of Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Michael IX for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors, from Alexios IV Angelos to Michael IX Palaiologos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Michael IX Palaiologos.
Irene of Montferrat (AD c. 1274-1317)
Full name: Ειρηνη Κομνηνη Δουκαινα Παλαιολογινα
Reign: Empress at Thessalonica: AD 1303-1317
Source title: Violante of Montferrat.png
Object Description: Seal of Violante of Montferrat, known in Byzantium as Empress Irene, wife of Emperor Andronikos II Palaiologos. The object is dated between AD 1285 and 1317.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.; listed as “GNC Coins” in the Wikimedia Commons author field
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Violante_of_Montferrat.png
Credit line: “Violante of Montferrat.png,” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The object is identified on Wikimedia Commons as an imperial seal rather than a coin. The adapted image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic, with the removal of the original background disclosed as a modification.
Andronikos III (AD 1297-1341)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Δουκας Αγγελος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1313-1341
Source title: Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: A fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page from Mutinensis gr. 122 featuring portraits of later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos III Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_3_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
.png){kind=link}
Credit line: “Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Andronikos III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos III Palaiologos.
John V (AD 1332-1391)
Full name: Ιωαννης Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1341-1376, 1379-1391
Source title: Restored mosaic of John V Palaiologos (head).jpg
Object Description: Restored and digitally enhanced mosaic portrait of Emperor John V Palaiologos in the Eastern Arch of Hagia Sophia, probably the last imperial mosaic made in the history of the Byzantine Empire. The source page dates the work to the fourteenth century.
Photographer / Author: David Hendrix (photographer)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from The Byzantine Legacy (Flickr), depicting the Hagia Sophia mosaic of John V Palaiologos
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Restored_mosaic_of_John_V_Palaiologos_(head).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Restored mosaic of John V Palaiologos (head).jpg,” photographed by David Hendrix, via Wikimedia Commons / The Byzantine Legacy. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate John V for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page describes this image as a restored and digitally enhanced version of the John V mosaic in Hagia Sophia. It also notes an extracted derivative file, “Restored mosaic of John V Palaiologos (head cropped).jpg”. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Anna of Savoy (AD 1306-1365)
Full name: Αννα Παλαιολογινα
Reign: Empress at Thessalonica: AD 1351-1365
Source title: Anna of Savoy.jpg
Object Description: Fourteenth-century manuscript miniature depicting Anna of Savoy, wife of Emperor Andronikos III Palaiologos. The source page locates the manuscript in the Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine artist; derivative image prepared by Cplakidas
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart; derived from “EmpressAnnaofSavoy.JPG”
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Anna_of_Savoy.jpg
Credit line: “Anna of Savoy.jpg,” by an unknown Byzantine artist, derivative image by Cplakidas, via Wikimedia Commons / Württembergische Landesbibliothek, Stuttgart. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Anna of Savoy for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The linked Commons file is itself a digitally altered derivative of “EmpressAnnaofSavoy.JPG”; its page states that Cplakidas cropped the original image to improve its proportions for article use. The chart adaptation involved further cropping and resizing only.
John VI (AD 1292-1383)
Full name: Ιωαννης Αγγελος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος Καντακουζηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1347-1354
Source title: John VI Kantakouzenos.jpg
Object Description: Manuscript miniature showing Byzantine Emperor John VI Kantakouzenos presiding over a synod, identified on the source page as the Hesychast Council of Constantinople in 1351. The image comes from a manuscript of the collected theological works of John VI Kantakouzenos, produced in Constantinople circa 1370-1375, now Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris, MS grec 1242, fol. 5v.
Photographer / Author: Uploaded by Cplakidas; underlying manuscript image by an unknown Byzantine artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the manuscript of the collected theological works of John VI Kantakouzenos, Bibliothèque nationale de France, Paris
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_VI_Kantakouzenos.jpg
Credit line: “John VI Kantakouzenos.jpg,” from a manuscript of the theological works of John VI Kantakouzenos, Bibliothèque nationale de France, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate John VI for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image depicts John VI presiding over a synod and notes an extracted derivative file, “John VI Kantakouzenos (cropped).jpg”. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Matthew (AD c. 1325-1383)
Full name: Ματθαιος Ασανης Καντακουζηνος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1353-1357 Despot in the Morea: AD 1380-1383
Source title: Matthew Kantakouzenos.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Matthew Kantakouzenos, dated to the fourteenth century. The source page describes the figure as crowned and wearing loros, standing facing, and holding a cross-tipped scepter.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Matthew_Kantakouzenos.png
Credit line: “Matthew Kantakouzenos.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes an extracted derivative file, “Matthew Kantakouzenos (cropped).png”, and records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
Andronikos IV (AD 1348-1385)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Κομνηνος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1352-1373, 1376-1385
Source title: Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: A fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page from Mutinensis gr. 122 featuring portraits of later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos IV Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_3_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate Andronikos IV for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as Andronikos IV Palaiologos.
John VII (AD 1370-1408)
Full name: Ιωαννης Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1377-1408
Source title: Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png
Object Description: A fifteenth-century Byzantine manuscript page from Mutinensis gr. 122 featuring portraits of later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John VII Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown Byzantine scribes
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from Mutinensis gr. 122, via the Estense Digital Library, “Cronaca di Zonara e altri brevi testi di storia bizantina”
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work.
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Zonaras_3_(Mutinensis_-_color).png
Credit line: “Zonaras 3 (Mutinensis - color).png,” by unknown Byzantine scribes, from Mutinensis gr. 122, via Wikimedia Commons / Estense Digital Library. Identified on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Cropped to isolate John VII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source file reproduces a complete manuscript page containing portraits of multiple later Byzantine emperors. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified on Wikimedia Commons as John VII Palaiologos.
Manuel II (AD 1350-1425)
Full name: Μανουηλ Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1373-1376, 1379-1425
Source title: Manuel II Helena sons.JPG
Object Description: Miniature from the Louvre manuscript MS. Ivoires 100, dated circa AD 1404, depicting Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos, Empress Helena Dragas, and three of their sons: the co-Emperor John VIII and the Despots Theodore and Andronikos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; original manuscript in the Louvre Museum, Paris
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuel_II_Helena_sons.JPG
Credit line: “Manuel II Helena sons.JPG,” by an unknown author, from Louvre MS. Ivoires 100, via Wikimedia Commons / Louvre Museum. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Manuel II for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. The original manuscript was brought to the Monastery of Saint-Denis in Paris by Manuel Chrysoloras in 1408 as a gift from Manuel II. The page also notes a derivative file, “Empress Helena Dragash.JPG”.
John VIII (AD 1392-1448)
Full name: Ιωαννης Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1407-1448
Source title: John VIII Palaiologos, Sinai.jpg
Object Description: Portrait of the Byzantine Emperor John VIII Palaiologos (r. AD 1425-1448). The original is preserved in the library of the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine, Sinai, and pasted into Codex 2123, fol. 30v. The Greek legend reads: “John, in Christ the God faithful Emperor, the Palaiologos”.
Photographer / Author: Unknown author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; original at the library of the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine, Sinai
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_VIII_Palaiologos,_Sinai.jpg
Credit line: “John VIII Palaiologos, Sinai.jpg,” by an unknown author, from Codex 2123 fol. 30v in the library of the Holy Monastery of Saint Catherine, Sinai, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate John VIII for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. It also notes an extracted derivative file, “John VIII Palaiologos, Sinai (cropped).jpg”. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Constantine XI (AD 1404-1453)
Full name: Κωνσταντινος Δραγασης Παλαιολογος
Reign: Eastern Emperor: AD 1448-1453
Source title: Konstantinos XI Palaiologos fresco (less edited).jpg
Object Description: Fresco of Emperor Constantine XI Palaiologos at the Catholicon of the Old Monastery of Taxiarches in Aigialeia, Greece. The source page dates the fresco to the fifteenth century.
Photographer / Author: ILoveHirasawaYui
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; uploader’s own photograph of the fresco at the Old Monastery of Taxiarches, Aigialeia, Greece
Licence / Status: Image made available under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Konstantinos_XI_Palaiologos_fresco_(less_edited).jpg
.jpg){kind=link}
Credit line: “Konstantinos XI Palaiologos fresco (less edited).jpg,” photographed by ILoveHirasawaYui, via Wikimedia Commons, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Cropped to isolate Constantine XI for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this image was extracted from “Konstantinos XI Palaiologos fresco (edit).jpg”. The current file is explicitly described there as a less edited version and is released under CC0 1.0.
Theodore II (son of Manuel II) (AD c. 1396-1448)
Full name: Θεοδωρος Παλαιολογος
Reign: Despot in the Morea: 1407-1443
Source title: Manuel II Helena sons.JPG
Object Description: Miniature from the Louvre manuscript MS. Ivoires 100, dated circa AD 1404, depicting Emperor Manuel II Palaiologos, Empress Helena Dragas, and three of their sons: the co-emperor John VIII and the despots Theodore and Andronikos. The chart adaptation uses the figure identified as Theodore II Palaiologos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; original manuscript in the Louvre Museum, Paris
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuel_II_Helena_sons.JPG
Credit line: “Manuel II Helena sons.JPG,” by an unknown author, from Louvre MS. Ivoires 100, via Wikimedia Commons / Louvre Museum. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Theodore II Palaiologos for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The source image is a dynastic group portrait showing Manuel II, Helena Dragas, John VIII, Theodore II, and Andronikos. The chart adaptation uses a crop of the figure identified in the manuscript description as Theodore, son of Manuel II and despot. Only cropping and resizing were applied.
Thomas (son of Manuel II) (AD c. 1409-1465)
Full name: Θωμας Παλαιολογος
Reign: Despot in the Morea: 1428-1460
Source title: Thomas Palaiologos2.jpg
Object Description: Detail of Thomas Palaiologos, Despot of the Morea, from the Pintoricchio fresco of Pius II at Ancona, Italy, circa AD 1471, in the Piccolomini Library of Siena Cathedral.
Photographer / Author: Unknown author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; sourced from http://nauplion.net/CP-Thomas.html; depicting a fresco in the Piccolomini Library, Siena Cathedral
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Thomas_Palaiologos2.jpg
Credit line: “Thomas Palaiologos2.jpg,” by an unknown author, depicting a detail from the Pintoricchio fresco of Pius II at Ancona in the Piccolomini Library, Siena Cathedral, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Thomas Palaiologos for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page treats the image as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Andreas (son of Thomas) (AD 1453-1502)
Full name: Ανδρεας Παλαιολογος
Role: Claimant to Roman imperial title: first attested 1483
Source title: Andreas Palaiologos portrait.png
Object Description: Detail from the fifteenth-century fresco “St Catherine's Disputation” in the Hall of the Saints (Sala dei Santi), Borgia Apartments (Appartamento Borgia), Vatican Museums. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the figure as a probable portrait of Andreas Palaiologos, titular Emperor of Constantinople, following Vespignani (2007).
Photographer / Author: Pinturicchio
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; sourced from the Vatican Museum website, depicting a fresco in the Borgia Apartments, Vatican Museums.
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a two-dimensional public-domain work and as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andreas_Palaiologos_portrait.png
Credit line: “Andreas Palaiologos portrait.png,” by Pinturicchio, from the fresco “St Catherine's Disputation” in the Borgia Apartments, Vatican Museums, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Andreas Palaiologos for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies this as a probable portrait of Andreas Palaiologos rather than an absolutely certain identification. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Megas Komnenos Dynasty in Trebizond (AD 1204-1461)
David Megas Komnenos (AD c. 1184-1212)
Full name: Δαβιδ Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Co-ruler in Trebizond: AD 1204-1212
Source title: Seal of David Komnenos.webp
Object Description: Seal of David Komnenos. The obverse, used here, shows King David “the prophet” holding a trefoil sceptre in his right hand and an akakia (or scroll) in his left, with the inscription “Δα(βὶ)δ βασ[ιλ]ε[ὺς] ὁ προφήτης”. The reverse, not used here, invokes King David as guarantor of the documents of David Komnenos, “descendant of kings”.
Photographer / Author: Dumbarton Oaks
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; from the Dumbarton Oaks Byzantine seals collection
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Seal_of_David_Komnenos.webp
Credit line: “Seal of David Komnenos.webp” by Dumbarton Oaks, via Wikimedia Commons / Dumbarton Oaks, licensed under CC BY 4.0 International. Cropped to isolate the obverse (left-hand) side of the seal, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted seal image asset is used under CC BY 4.0 International. The obverse depicts King David the Prophet rather than a literal portrait of David Megas Komnenos; it is used here as the obverse of David Komnenos’s seal rather than as a direct likeness of the emperor.
Andronikos I (AD ?-?)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Κομνηνος Γιδος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1222-1235
Source title: Possible coin of Andronicus I Gidus.png
Object Description: Byzantine aspron trachy, identified by CNG as a coin of Andronikos I Komnenos, but with the attribution disputed. The Wikimedia Commons description notes that, following Grierson (1982), attribution to Andronikos I Gidos of Trebizond is more likely, and that recent numismatic discussions tend to regard the attribution to Andronikos I Komnenos as a mistake.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Possible_coin_of_Andronicus_I_Gidus.png
Credit line: “Possible coin of Andronicus I Gidus.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The attribution of the coin type is disputed on the Wikimedia Commons page: although CNG identified it as Andronikos I Komnenos, the Commons description states that attribution to Andronikos I Gidos is more likely.
John I (AD ?-1238)
Full name: Ιωαννης Κομνηνος Αξουχος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1235-1238
Source title: John I of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of John I of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin portrait of Emperor John I of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_I_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “John I of Trebizond.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Manuel I (AD ?-1263)
Full name: Μανουηλ Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1238-1263
Source title: Coin of Manuel I of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of Manuel I of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin of Manuel I of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coin_of_Manuel_I_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “Coin of Manuel I of Trebizond.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page also records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
George (AD ?-?)
Full name: Γεωργιος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1266-1280
Source title: George of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Bronze coin of Emperor George of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a bronze coin of George, based on Warwick William Wroth’s 1911 catalogue of the coins of Trebizond in the British Museum.
Photographer / Author: Warwick William Wroth (1858-1911)
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; based on Warwick (1911), Catalogue of the coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards, and of the empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum, p. 258 and plate XXXV.
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is also marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:George_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “George of Trebizond.png,” after Warwick William Wroth, from Catalogue of the coins of the Vandals, Ostrogoths and Lombards, and of the empires of Thessalonica, Nicaea and Trebizond in the British Museum, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons as public domain and with the Public Domain Mark 1.0. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Wikimedia Commons file is not a direct modern coin photograph, but a derived image based on the identification and illustration published by Wroth in 1911. The adapted image asset is used as public-domain material, with background removal disclosed as a modification.
John II (AD ?-1297)
Full name: Ιωαννης Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1280-1284, 1285-1297
Source title: John II of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor John II of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the object simply as a medieval coin of John II.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_II_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “John II of Trebizond.png,” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Wikimedia Commons records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
Theodora (AD ?-?)
Full name: Θεοδωρα Μεγαλη Κομνηνη
Reign: Empress in Trebizond: AD 1284-1285
Source title: Theodora of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of Empress Theodora of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin portrait of Theodora, ruler of the Empire of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodora_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “Theodora of Trebizond.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Alexios II (AD 1282-1330)
Full name: Αλεξιος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1297-1330
Source title: Alexios II of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Alexios II of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin portrait of Alexios II, ruler of the Empire of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexios_II_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “Alexios II of Trebizond.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Andronikos III (AD ?-1332)
Full name: Ανδρονικος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1330-1332
Source title: Andronikos III of Trebizond.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Andronikos III of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin portrait of Andronikos III, ruler of the Empire of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Andronikos_III_of_Trebizond.png
Credit line: “Andronikos III of Trebizond.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Basil (AD ?-1340)
Full name: Βασιλειος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1332-1340
Source title: Coin of Basil of Trebizond2.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Basil of Trebizond, depicting him on horseback. The Wikimedia Commons file dates the image to the fourteenth century.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Coin_of_Basil_of_Trebizond2.png
Credit line: “Coin of Basil of Trebizond2.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins / Forvm Ancient Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page also records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
John III (AD c. 1321-1362)
Full name: Ιωαννης Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1342-1344
Source title: John III of Trebizond cropped.png
Object Description: Coin of John III of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons page describes the figure as John standing facing, holding a scepter and globus.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:John_III_of_Trebizond_cropped.png
Credit line: “John III of Trebizond cropped.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page states that this file is a cropped version of “John III of Trebizond.jpg” and records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
Michael (AD c. 1288-?)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1344-1349
Source title: Michael of Trebizont no background.png
Object Description: Coin depicting Michael, Emperor of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the image simply as a coin depicting the emperor Michael.
Photographer / Author: Unknown; uploaded to Wikimedia Commons by Ichthyovenator
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source listed on the file page as English Wikipedia, “File.JPG”
Licence / Status: Image made available under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_of_Trebizont_no_background.png
Credit line: “Michael of Trebizont no background.png,” author unknown, via Wikimedia Commons, dedicated to the public domain under CC0 1.0. Source file already provided with the background removed; resized for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC0 1.0 Universal Public Domain Dedication. The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies the image as a no-background PNG derived from an English Wikipedia source file.
Alexios III (AD 1338-1390)
Full name: Αλεξιος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1349-1390
Source title: Alexios3 komnenos.jpg
Object Description: Historical image depicting Alexios III Megas Komnenos at the symbolic foundation of the Dionysiou Monastery on Mount Athos.
Photographer / Author: Unknown artist; original file uploaded to German Wikipedia by Bender235
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; transferred from German Wikipedia to Commons by Septembermorgen using CommonsHelper.
Licence / Status: Public Domain Mark 1.0, as identified on Wikimedia Commons; the file is presented there as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Cropped and resized for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexios3_komnenos.jpg
Credit line: “Alexios3 komnenos.jpg,” by an unknown artist, originally uploaded by Bender235 and transferred from German Wikipedia to Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 and identified there as free of known copyright restrictions. Cropped to isolate Alexios III for use in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The Commons description identifies the scene as Alexios III Megas Komnenos at the symbolic foundation of the Dionysiou Monastery on Mount Athos. Only cropping and resizing were applied for the chart.
Manuel III (AD 1364-1417)
Full name: Μανουηλ Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1390-1417
Source title: Manuel III of Trebizond coin.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Manuel III of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin of Manuel III of Trebizond.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Manuel_III_of_Trebizond_coin.png
Credit line: “Manuel III of Trebizond coin.png” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page also records a VRT permission confirmation for publication under the stated licences.
Alexios IV (AD c. 1379-1429)
Full name: Αλεξιος Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1417-1429
Source title: Alexios IV of Trebizond, Asper.png
Object Description: Coin of Emperor Alexios IV of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons page describes the image as showing “The emperor on horseback, to right, holding a sceptre.” The source page dates the coin to AD 1417-1429.
Photographer / Author: Unknown author
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; source listed on the file page as VCoins / Numiscorner
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is also marked with the Public Domain Mark 1.0 as free of known copyright restrictions.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Alexios_IV_of_Trebizond,_Asper.png
Credit line: “Alexios IV of Trebizond, Asper.png,” author unknown, via Wikimedia Commons / VCoins / Numiscorner. Marked on Wikimedia Commons as public domain and with the Public Domain Mark 1.0. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used as public-domain material. The Wikimedia Commons file page identifies the image as a coin of Alexios IV of Trebizond and gives the source as a VCoins listing. Background removal is the principal modification made for the chart.
John IV (AD ?-1460)
Full name: Ιωαννης Μεγας Κομνηνος
Reign: Emperor in Trebizond: AD 1429-1460
Source title: JohnIVTrebizond.jpg
Object Description: Silver aspron of John IV of Trebizond. The Wikimedia Commons page identifies the file as “Aspron de plata de Juan IV de Trebisonda.”
Photographer / Author: Кардам
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; uploaded as the author’s own work
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the left-hand obverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:JohnIVTrebizond.jpg
Credit line: “JohnIVTrebizond.jpg” by Кардам, via Wikimedia Commons, licensed under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. Cropped to isolate the left-hand obverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 4.0 International. The Wikimedia Commons file page presents the source image as the uploader’s own work and shows a two-sided coin image; only the left-hand obverse side is used here.
Komnenos Doukas Dynasty in Epirus (AD 1205-1318)
Theodore (AD ?-c. 1253)
Full name: Θεοδωρος Κομνηνος Δουκας
Reign: Ruler in Epirus: AD 1215-1230 Emperor in Thessalonica: AD 1224-1230
Source title: Theodore Comnenus-Ducas cropped.jpg
Object Description: Portrait image of Theodore Komnenos Doukas. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a cropped portrait of Theodore Comnenus-Ducas.
Photographer / Author: Unknown original artist
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; cropped version of a larger source image
Licence / Status: Public domain, as identified on Wikimedia Commons. The file is treated there as a faithful photographic reproduction of a public-domain work.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/mark/1.0/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Theodore_Comnenus-Ducas_cropped.jpg
Credit line: “Theodore Comnenus-Ducas cropped.jpg,” by an unknown original artist, via Wikimedia Commons. Marked on Wikimedia Commons as public-domain material. Source file already cropped on Wikimedia Commons; background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted image asset is used as public-domain material. The Wikimedia Commons file is a cropped derivative of a larger source image; the chart adaptation further removes the background and converts the image into a transparent-background asset for layout use.
Manuel (AD c. 1187-c. 1241)
Full name: Μανουηλ Κομνηνος Δουκας
Reign: Emperor in Thessalonica: AD 1230-1237 Ruler in Thessaly: AD 1239-1241
Source title: Trachy of Manuel Komnenos Doukas.jpg
Object Description: Trachy of Manuel Komnenos Doukas. The original Wikimedia Commons file presents both sides of the coin; the right-hand reverse side, used here, shows the ruler Manuel Komnenos Doukas.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the right-hand reverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trachy_of_Manuel_Komnenos_Doukas.jpg
Credit line: “Trachy of Manuel Komnenos Doukas.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the right-hand reverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The source image shows both sides of the coin; only the right-hand reverse side is used here.
Michael II (AD ?-1266/8)
Full name: Μιχαηλ Κομνηνος Δουκας
Reign: Ruler in Epirus: AD 1230-1266/8
Source title: Michael II Komnenos Doukas.jpg
Object Description: Coin of Michael II Komnenos Doukas. The Wikimedia Commons file identifies the image as a coin portrait of Michael II Komnenos Doukas.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Michael_II_Komnenos_Doukas.jpg
Credit line: “Michael II Komnenos Doukas.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Background removed and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
John of Thessalonica (AD ?-1244)
Full name: Ιωαννης Κομνηνος Δουκας
Reign: Emperor in Thessalonica: AD 1237-1242 Despot in Thessalonica: AD 1242-1244
Source title: Trachy of John Komnenos Doukas.jpg
Object Description: Billon trachy of John Komnenos Doukas, Emperor of Thessalonica, dated circa AD 1237-1242. The original Wikimedia Commons file presents both sides of the coin. The reverse, used here, shows John holding an akakia and Saint Demetrius holding a sword, both standing facing.
Photographer / Author: Classical Numismatic Group, Inc.
Source / Repository: Wikimedia Commons; originally from CNG Coins
Licence / Status: Image licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic.
Licence link: https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/2.5/
Changes made: Cropped to isolate the right-hand reverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout.
Source link: https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Trachy_of_John_Komnenos_Doukas.jpg
Credit line: “Trachy of John Komnenos Doukas.jpg” by Classical Numismatic Group, Inc., via Wikimedia Commons / CNG Coins, licensed under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. Cropped to isolate the right-hand reverse image, background removed, and converted to a transparent-background asset for poster layout in The Family Tree of the Roman Emperors.
Notes: The adapted coin image asset is used under CC BY-SA 2.5 Generic. The Wikimedia Commons file page notes that an extracted derivative file, “Trachy of John Komnenos Doukas (reverse).jpg”, already exists; however, the chart adaptation here is based on the main two-sided source file and uses only the right-hand reverse side.
Corrections, Rights, and Attribution Requests
KBM Charts has made reasonable efforts to identify image sources, creators, photographers, repositories, licences, rights statements, and modification details accurately. Because this project draws from many public archives, museum collections, Wikimedia Commons files, and historical-image repositories, some attribution or rights information may change over time or may be incomplete at the source.
If you are a rights holder, creator, photographer, institution, or contributor and believe that an image has been incorrectly credited, insufficiently attributed, used in error, or listed with inaccurate licence information, please contact KBM Charts. I will review the issue and make appropriate corrections, updates, removals, or additional attributions as soon as reasonably possible.
For corrections, attribution requests, or rights-related enquiries, please contact:
KBM Charts hello@kbmcharts.com
Page last updated: 2 June 2026 Poster version: 2026 Project, 610 × 910 mm